Skin & MSK Pathology Flashcards
Are vocal cord polyps unilateral or bilateral?
Unilateral
They usually occur in the anterior half of Reinke’s space
hoarsness, obstruction, dysphagia and dysphonia can be seen in
contact ulcer of the pharynx
Where do contact ulcers usually occur in the pharynx?
The posterior aspect of the vocal cords
Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis is common with
HPV 6/11
it is a benign neoplasm
Which regions of the larynx are most affected by SCC?
Supraglottic and glottic regions
What is a spindle cell carcinoma?
SCC with sarcomatous pattern
It affects the anterior aspect of the true vocal cords
What is a verrucous carcinoma?
well differentiated SCC of the larynx with favourable prognosis
It has a ‘church spire’ appearance
Rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, obstruction and chronic headache are all features of
sinonasal polyps
Allergic fungal sinusitis is most commonly due to
Aspergillus
septal erosion and perforation as well as nasal pain and stuffiness are features of
Wegener’s granulomatosis
It also affects the kidneys and the lungs
Where are exophytic papillomas located?
Exclusively on the nasal septum
Inverted papillomas affect
the lateral nasal wall and middle meatus
Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas can present as
anosmia
headaches
obstruction
Cranial nerve involvement can occur in
SCC of the nose and paranasal sinuses
What are the clinical features of oral lichen planus?
fine white lace like striae
atrophic oedematous mucosa with ulcerations
Apthous stomatitis presents as
ulcers with a white, yellow or grey membrane with an erythematous halo
SCC of the oral cavity is often preceded by
leukoplakia and erythroplakia
SCC of the oropharynx is associated with
HPV 16 and 18
Salivary gland mucoceles often arise due to
blockage/rupture of a salivary gland duct
Pleomorphic adenomas are benign neoplasms that make up what percentage of parotid, submandibular and minor salivary gland tumours?
60%
What is a biphasic tumour composed of bilayered oncocytic cells in a dense lymphoid stroma?
Warthin’s tumour
What are the 3 stages of eczema?
Acute: skin is red, weeping with exudate Subacute: itching with crusting Chronic: thick and leathery skin secondary to scratching
Coin shaped lesions are seen in
nummular dermatiits
What commonly shows the Auspitz sign?
Psoriasis
When you peel the scale, it causes bleeding
what presents as a butterfly rash on the cheeks and nose?
SLE
What would show a IMF-LE band microscopically?
SLE
IgG is deposited in the basement membrane of the kidneys
Dermamyositis can present as
heliotropic rash and peri-ocular oedema
What is the difference between a pemphigus and pemphigoid bullous?
Pemphigus= intraepidermal blister Pemphigoid= subepidermal blister
Dermatitis Herpetiformis is associated with what disease?
Coeliac
It presents as small, intensely itchy blisters on extensor surfaces
BCC is often formed on
sun exposed sites
SCC is classified as high risk if it is
2cm or >4mm thick
From where to melanocytes hail?
Neural crest cells
What is the ABCD to consider in melanoma?
Asymmetrical
Borders uneven
Colour variation
Diameter >6mm
Melanomas are often common in those with
fair skin and sunburn
chronic skin damage in elderly people can lead to
lentigo maligna melanoma
Acral lentigenous melanoma presents in
Afro-Caribbeans and on the palms and soles
The commonest type of melanoma in the UK is
superficial spreading melanoma
The most important prognostic factor melanomas is
Breslow thickness
Where are melanomas most common?
BANS
back, arms, neck and scalp
How can melanomas be treated?
BRAF Inhibitors
subchondral cysts and osteophytes are features of
OA
Morning stiffness, serum RF and swollen, warm joints are common features of
RA
Sero negative arthritides that lack RF include
Ankylosing spondylitis
Psioratic arthiritis
Reiter’s syndrome
Allopurinol should not be used to treat
acute gout attacks
NSAIDs and steriods can be used in an acute attack
pyogenic osteomyelitis can be caused by
bacteria due to haematogenous spread
Infective arthritis can be caused by
trauma, IV drug abuse and debilitating illness
chalk stick fractures are common in what disease?
Paget’s
Lack of vit D is related to
osteomalacia
What is osteitis fibrosa cystica?
Loss of bone mineral with osteoporosis
Osteomas and osteoblastomas are
benign bone tumours
60% of cases of osteosarcoma occur
around the knee
Secondary bone tumours come from
prostate kidney breast thyroid GIT
CREST syndrome is associated with
systemic sclerosis
Calcinosis Raynaud's Oesophageal dysfunction Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia
Polymyalgia rheumatica is
stiffness, weakness, aching and pain in the muscles of the neck, limb girdles and UL
Rhambomyolysis is
destruction of skeletal muscle
myoglobin ins released into the blood
Viral warts can be treated with
salicylic acid, silver nitrate and cryrosurgery
How can HPV be prevented?
Gardasil vaccine
Barrier protection
cysts or abscesses in the natal cleft are known as
Pilonidal cysts
Impetigo can be caused by
S. aureus
Erysipelas is caused by
S. pyogenes
dishwater exudate is a feature of
necrotising fasciitis
In sickle cell what can cause osteomyelitis?
Salmonella
lymphadenopathy is associated with what stage of syphilis?
Primary
Rashes all over the body are associated with what stage of syphilis?
Secondary
