Core Microbiology Flashcards by Tomisin Otenigbagbe

What should all cases of tine capitis be treated with?

Systemic (oral) antifungals such as Ariseofluvin or Terbinafine

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What chemical in the body is highest at acrophase?

Cortisol

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What drug must be monitored to keep it in the therapeutic range?

Phenytoin (used for epilepsy)

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After a hip replacement, a patient comes in with an infection, it is likely caused by…

Staphylococcus epidermis

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What is the reference range for biochemical tests?

-2SD to +2SD

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Mrs AB presents with necrotising fasciitis secondary to a sore throat, it is likely cause by…

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Otitis media can be caused by…

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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BC has sub acute bacterial endocarditis caused by alpha-haemolytic streptococci, name the bacteria

Viridians streptococci

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Streptococcus bovis is also known as

Streptococcus gallolyticus

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Tom’s acne is often flaring up, it is likely caused by what organism?

Propionibacterium

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Fungal nail disease can be caused by…

T. rubrum or T.interdigitale

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What bacteria is carried nasally in up to 50% of people?

Staphylococcus aureus

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Diphtheria, not commonly seen in the UK because of immunisation was caused by…

Corynebacterium species

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is found as part of what flora?

Bowel

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BC has haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by…

E.coli toxic (0157) strains

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CD has a skin infection with a green pigment caused by…

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Neisseria meningitidis classically presents as

purpuric non-blanching rash

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Baby Z is born with conjunctivitis, her mother is likely to have an active infection of…

Neisseria gonorrhoea

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Haemohilus influenzae type B is associated with

meningitis and epiglottitis

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Acid Fast Bacilli can cause

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Name a coagulase negative staphylococci

Staphylococcus epidermis

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AB is pregnant and reads that she should avoid cheeses, this is due to what bacteria?

Listeria monocytogenes

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G-VE bacteria that can cause endocarditis in children

HACEK organisms

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Commonest cause of STI

Chlamydia trachomatis

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Cause of syphilis

Treponema pallidum

CD plays american football and has noticed itching and a red plaque with distinct edges, there are also lesions in other places. What is this called?

Tinea cruris (casued by T.rubrum)

What virus is highly infectious, even after 2 hours?

Measles

Patients with previous TB, sarcoid or lung surgery are more likely to have what when they have inhaled Aspergillus

Aspergilloma

DE has noticed that when he takes of his shoes, it looks like he has a moccasin made of dry, scaly skin, what is the likely infection?

Athletes foot/Tinea pedis (caused by T.rubrum)

Majorca’s granuloma is an invasion of follicle seen in

Tinea corporis

Classic cause of gas gangrene

Clostridium perfringens

Topical antifungals include

Terbinafine and Clotrimazole

Kerion celsi is associated with

Tina capitis

Pityriasis versicolor can be caused by

Malassezia, a genus of yeasts

What looks like ‘spaghetti and meatballs’ in diagnosis

Pityriasis versicolor

Oral and vaginal ‘thrush’ is caused by

Candida, a genus of yeasts

Candida vulvovaginitis is identified by

culture and anti fungal sensitivity testing

What should not be used in pregnant women as it can increase the risk of tetratologies?

Fluconazole

Systemic candidosis is usually caused by

C. albicans

Bulls eye signs are seen in

the liver due to abscess formation in hepatosplenic candidosis

In asthma and CF, patients will see increased levels of which immunoglobulin?

IgE

Halo or crescent signs on CT are associated with

invasive aspergillosis

nvCJD is linked to

BSE associated with infected beef

Aspergillosis can be treated with

Itraconazole/Voriconazole with Amphotercin B

Lung migration of which parasite causes Loefflers Syndrome?

Ascariasis

positive Aspergillus IgG is seen in those with

a chronic lung disease

what virus targets CD4+ cells?

HIV

AB presents to A&E with a painful, pus-filled abscess in her teeth. It is likely caused by…

Streptococcus milleri complex

What should you treat Pityriasis versicolor with?

Clotrimazole (oral) Fluconazole (oral) Itraconazole (oral)

Ascariasis can be treated with…

Albendazole

what chronic disease can lead to bladder cancer and liver cirrhosis?

Bilharzia disease

Katayama fever and summers itch are alert responses caused by

Schistosoma

Schistosomiasis should be treated with

Praziquantel

Humans are accidental hosts of what parasite that can lead to cysts in the liver

Echinococcus sp (cause of Hyatid disease)

Hyatid disease should be treated with…

Albendazole

What is the most likely cause of malaria in the UK?

plasmodium falciparum

In non falciparum malaria, what should you treat with?

Chloroquine and primaquine

In falciparum malaria, what should you treat with?

Quinine and doxycycline, co-artem and atoraquone

In complex falciparum malaria, what should you treat with?

IV quinine and artesunate

Cryptosporidosis is spread via the

faeco-oral route via contaminated water

Mitazoxamide is used to treat patients with symptomatic …

cryptosporidiosis

What type of hepatitis do 50% of IVDUs have evidence of?

Hep C

slapped cheek syndrome is caused by…

Parvovirus B19

Trichomoniasis is transmitted…

sexually

Metronidazole should be used to treat

Trichomoniasis

Giardia lamblia can be diagnosed by….

identifying cysts in faeces

What viruses can establish latency and reactivate?

Herpes

95% of cases of encephalitis are caused by…

HSV1

what virus established latency in the dorsal root ganglion?

VZV

What is also known as the ‘kissing disease’?

EBV

What has a prevalence that is usually the same as age?

cytomegalovirus

Influenza A can mutate regularly and has what surface proteins?

H&N

What virus is common in children and causes bronchiolitis?

Respiratory syncytial virus

What hepatitis virus is defective and can only survive with Hep B?

Hep D

Which hepatitis is an ‘infection of childhood’ that is usually asymptomatic?

Hep A

Genotype 3 of what hepatitis is associated with pork?

Hep E

The risk of chronicity is inversely related to age at infection with which hepatitis?

Hep B

what is a ssrNA virus associated with point-source out breaks?

Norovirus

Parvovirus B19 can cause transient anaemia which can lead to what in pregnancy?

Hydrops fetalis

What virus looks like a wheel on electron microscopy?

Rotavirus

What viruses can cause meningitis but don’t cause GI symptoms?

Enteroviruses

Pericarditis and Herpagina can be cause by

Coxsackie B and A respectively

What virus causes can cause acute parotitis, orchitis and meningitis?

Mumps

subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis can be caused by what virus 7-10 years after the initial infection?

Measles

Tinea corporis is also known as…

Ringworm

Strawberry cervix is characteristic of what parasitic infection?

Trichomoniasis

What virus can cause arthritis in 30% of adults after the primary infection?

Rubella

congenital rubella causes the classic triad of…

bilateral cataracts, sensorineural deafness and microcephaly

Prions cause what change in brain tissue on histology?

Spongiform change