Microbiology

Question 1

Gram positive cocci

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 2

Gram negative cocci

Answer 2

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Question 3

Gram positive bacilli

Answer 3

Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium difficile
Listeria monocytogenes
Corynebacterium diptheriae

Question 4

Gram negative bacilli

Answer 4

Salmonella typhi
Escherichia coli
Proteus sp
Yersinia pestis

Question 5

Gram negative coccobacilli

Answer 5

Haemophilus
Bordetella
Brucella

Question 6

Spiral bacteria

Answer 6

Helicobacter 
Campylobacter 
Leptospira 
Borrielia 
Treponema pallidum

Question 7

Why do certain bacteria cause particular infections?

Answer 7

Host factors
Opportunity
Bacterial factors

Question 8

What bacteria is the commonest cause of UTIs?

What does it adhere to?

Answer 8

E. coli

Uroepithelial cells

Question 9

What is the primary cause of skin/soft tissue infections?

Where is it normally found?

Answer 9

S. aureus

In the nose

It is coagulase positive

Question 10

Staphylococcus aureus is a …

Answer 10

primary pathogen

Question 11

S. aureus can cause…

Answer 11

bacteraemia 
osteomyelitis/septic arthritis 
endocarditis 
pneumonia
UTIs 
meningitis

Question 12

Staphylococcus epidermis is an…

Answer 12

opportunistic pathogen

Question 13

S. epidermis is…

Answer 13

a coagulase negative staphylococci

Question 14

S. epidermis

Answer 14

adheres to plastic/metal using glycocalyx, forming biofilms

causes infection in association with foreign bodies

Question 15

Streptococcus pyogenes is also known as…

Answer 15

Group A strep

Question 16

S. pyogenes is the commonest cause of …

Answer 16

bacterial sore throat

Question 17

S. pyogenes also causes…

Answer 17

scarlet fever
necrotising fascilitis
puerperal sepsis

Question 18

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the commonest cause of…

Answer 18

Bacterial pneumonia 
Bacterial meningitis (except in neonates)

Question 19

S. pneumoniae can also cause…

Answer 19

otitis media

Question 20

Streptococcus agalactiae is also known as…

Answer 20

Group B strep

Question 21

S. agalactiae is the commonest cause of…

Answer 21

Bacterial meningitis and sepsis in neonates

Question 22

Streptococcus milleri complex are…

Answer 22

three closely related pus-forming streptococcu that are associated with abscesses

Question 23

Viridans streptococci

Answer 23

are alpha-haemolytic streptococci that inhabit the upper respiratory tract

cause subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 24

Streptococcus gallolyticus was formerly known as…

Answer 24

S. bovis

Question 25

Listeria monocytogenes is a…

Answer 25

Gram positive bacillus

Question 26

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 26

Is associated with unpasteurized milk
Can grow at low temperatures (zoonosis)
Can cause sepsis and meningitis

Question 27

Corynebacterium are

Answer 27

Gram positive bacillus

Commensal of the skin and URT

Question 28

Corynebacterium diptheriae causes…

Answer 28

diptheria

Question 29

Propionibacterium are associated with…

Answer 29

Acne

Question 30

Enterobacteriaceae are

Answer 30

commonly found in bowel flora

Question 31

Toxigenic strains of what bacteria are associated with severe diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

Answer 31

E. coli (0157)

Question 32

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 32

produce a characteristic green pigment

is a multi resistant gram negative bacillus

Question 33

Neisseria meningitidis can cause

Answer 33

Meningitis

a purpuric non-blanching rash

Question 34

Neisseria gonorrhoea can cause

Answer 34

Gonorrhoea

Opthalmia neonatorum

Question 35

Haemophilus influenzae can cause

Answer 35

Respiratory tract infections