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Musculoskeletal I > Skin histology > Flashcards

Skin histology Flashcards

1
Q

What typical percentage of body weight is skin?

A

15-20%

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2
Q

What is the main component of epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium - keratinocytes

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3
Q

What are the two general classification of cells in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Non-keratinocytes

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of keratinocytes?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of non-keratinocytes?

A

Melanocytes
Langerhans’ Cells
Merkel’s cells

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6
Q

What is the subdivision of stratum corneum and where is it found?

A

Stratum lucidum found in thick skin

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7
Q

About how long is total epidermal turnover?

A

47 days

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of stratum basale?

A

Hemidesmosomes to underlying CT
Mitotically active
Desmosomes to eachother

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of stratum spinosum and another name?

A

Several layers, larger
Attached by desmosomes at end of cytoplasmic processes
Also called prickle cells

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of stratum granulosum?

A

Flattened
Keratohyalin granules - precursors to filaggrin
Lamellar bodies - epidermal water barrier

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of stratum corneum?

A

Most superficial
no nuclei
Entirely filled with keratin

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12
Q

What is the function of filaggrin in skin?

A

Binds and condenses keratin
Protection against entry of foreign environmental substances

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of melanocytes?

A

Scattered in stratum basale
Round with long processes
No desmosomes

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14
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Pigment producing with tyrosinase enzyme
Form melanosomes with melanin
To keratinocytes by pigment donation

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15
Q

What does melanin form in keratinocytes?

A

Supranuclear cap shading DNA against UV radiation

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16
Q

What causes albinism?

A

Absence of tyrosinase enzyme

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Langerhans’ cells?

A

From monocyte precursors
Mostly in stratum spinosum
No desmosomes
Immune component of skin barrier
Pale in light microscope
Cytoplasmic processes

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of Merkel’s cells?

A

In stratum basale
Associated with afferent nerve fiber
Sensitive mechanoreceptor

19
Q

Where would you see more Merkel’s cells in the body?

A

Fingertips and other sensitive skin

20
Q

What are the two general layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

21
Q

What are the characteristics of the papillary layer?

A

Loose CT with type I and III collagen
Type VII collagen into basal lamina binding dermis and epidermis

22
Q

What are the characteristics of the reticular layer?

A

Dense irregular CT - mainly type I collagen
Thicker - more fibers
Network of elastic fibers

23
Q

What is the structure of hair?

A

Elongated keratinized structures

24
Q

What are the two general skin glands?

A

Sebaceous
Sweat

25
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine
Apocrine

26
Q

What type of secretion is done by sebaceous glands?

A

Holocrine secretion

27
Q

What is the function of sebum?

A

Coats hair shaft and skin surface
Makes hair less brittle and skin more supple
Under hormonal control

28
Q

What causes acne?

A

Obstructed sebaceous glands

29
Q

What type of secretion is sweating?

A

Merocrine

30
Q

How is sweat discharged?

A

Myoepithelial cells contract

31
Q

What is the function of eccrine glands?

A

Evaporation of sweat lowers body temp

32
Q

What does sweat contain?

A

Water, sodium, and chloride
Smaller quantities of other ions, urea, and small metabolites

33
Q

Where are apocrine glands mostly found?

A

Axillary and perineal regions

34
Q

How do apocrine glands compare to eccrine?

A

Larger lumen
Start after puberty

35
Q

What creates odor of sweat from apocrine glands?

A

Odorless secretion metabolized by bacteria

36
Q

What are two modified apocrine glands?

A

In external ear canal - produce cerumen
In eyelids - glands of Moll

37
Q

What are the 6 sensory nerve receptors in skin?

A

Epidermal free endings
Merkel’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Krause’s end bulb
Meissner’s corpuscles
Ruffini’s corpuscles

38
Q

What sensory nerve fibers are encapsulated in skin?

A

Pacinian corpuscle
Krause’s end bulb
Meissner’s corpuscle
Ruffini’s corpuscle

39
Q

What is the function of Merkel’s corpuscles?

A

Disc receptors for afferent myelinated nerve fiber

40
Q

What is the location of Pacinian corpuscle?

A

Deep dermis and hypodermis

41
Q

What is the function of Krause’s end bulb?

A

Cold receptor

42
Q

Where is Meissner’s corpuscle located?

A

Papilla of dermis

43
Q

Where is the location of Ruffini’s corpuscle?

A

Deep dermis

Musculoskeletal I (14 decks)

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