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Musculoskeletal I > Reflexes > Flashcards

Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 components of a reflex?

A

Sensory input
Receptor
Afferent nerve
Integration
Command
Efferent nerve
Effector
Motor effect

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2
Q

What are the 4 general classifications of reflexes?

A

By development
By response
By complexity of circuit
By processing site

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3
Q

What are the classifications of reflex by development?

A

Innate
Acquired

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4
Q

What are the classifications of reflexes by response?

A

Somatic
Visceral/autonomic

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5
Q

What are the classifications of reflexes by complexity?

A

Monosynaptic
Polysynaptic

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6
Q

What are the classifications of reflexes by processing?

A

Spinal
Cranial

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6
Q

What are the 5 spinal reflexes?

A

Deep tendon reflexes
Reciprocal inhibition
Reverse myotatic
Withdrawal
Crossed-extensor

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7
Q

How does contraction of muscle effect tension and AP?

A

Decreases tension on muscle spindles
Decreases rate of AP on la fibers

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8
Q

How does stretching of muscle effect tension of AP?

A

Activates/tenses muscle spindle
Increases rate of AP on la fibers

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9
Q

What are renshaw cells and their function?

A

Interneurons
Make inhibitory synapses for motor neurons

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10
Q

What are two types of autogenic inhibition?

A

Inhibits synergist muscle
Excites antagonist muscle

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11
Q

What are the superficial reflexes?

A

Abdominal
Plantar
Babinski
Cremastric (Males only)
Anal

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12
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

Partial contraction state of muscle from the function of the muscle spindle

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13
Q

When is muscle tone maintained by the non-myotatic way?

A

Direct stimulation of alpha motor neurons in absence of cerebellum

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14
Q

What abolishes muscle tone?

A

Destruction of posterior root carrying la fibers
Destruction of motor neurons or anterior horn cells
Destruction of ventral root with alpha and gamma motor fibers
Destruction of muscle nerve
Destruction of afferent or efferent

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15
Q

What happens when alpha motor neuron level is inhibited?

A

Decrease of muscle tone by: Renshaw cell - negative feedback inhibition
Golgi tendon organ - inverse stretch reflex

16
Q

What happens when descending inhibitor RF is stimulated though gamma motor neuron?

A

Decrease of muscle tone by:
Cerebellum, corpus striatum, suppressor area of cortex, REM sleep

17
Q

What factors increase muscle tone?

A

Voluntary, pain and skin receptors through alpha motor neuron
Hypothalamus through gamma
non-REM sleep

18
Q

What is the importance of muscle tone?

A

Efficient willed movement
Efficient reflex action
Maintenance of posture
Maintenance of form, texture and appearance

19
Q

What are effects of upper motor neuron lesions?

A

Spastic paralysis
Extensive paralysis
Lost superficial reflexes
Abnormal plantar reflex
No muscle wasting
RD absent
Absent fasciculation
Normal or non-specific EMG

Musculoskeletal I (14 decks)

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