Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal I > Development of head and neck > Flashcards

Development of head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are pharyngeal arches derived from?

A

Neural crest cells from the ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the first pair of pharyngeal arches start to appear?

A

Early in week 4 to week 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is generally derived from the pharyngeal arches?

A

All bones of head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What composes the pharyngeal arches?

A

Mesoderm and neural crest cells (ectoderm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What lines pharyngeal pouches?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What lines pharyngeal clefts?

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular division (CNV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial (CNVII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CNIX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cranial nerve supplies fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Superior laryngeal branch of the Vagus nerve (CNX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve (CNX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What muscles are derived from the first pharyngeal arch? MATT

A

Muscles of mastication (temporal, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid), mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor palatine, tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What parts of the skeleton are derived from the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Premaxilla, maxilla, zygomatic bone, part of temporal bone
Meckel’s cartilage, mandible, malleus, incus, anterior ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscles are derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscle of facial expression (buccinator, auricularis, frontalis, platysma, orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi), posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What parts of the skeleton are derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn of hyoid, upper body of hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscle is derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What parts of the skeleton are derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Greater horn and lower body of hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscles are derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Cricothyroid
Muscles of soft palate
Pharynx muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles are derived from the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What skeletal structure is derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Laryngeal cartilages - cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can result from first arch syndrome?

A

Facial anomalies -
Treacher Collins syndrome
Pierre Robin Sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What parts of the face are derived from the mesoderm?

A

Muscles and arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What parts of the face are derived from neural crest cells?

A

Bones and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What occurs for facial development in the 5th and 6th week?

A

Lateral nasal prominences are separated form the maxillary prominences by deep furrows called nasolacrimal groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What occurs for facial developments between the 7th and 10th week?

A

Merging of 2 medial nasal prominences into intermaxillary segment
Merging of medial nasal and maxillary prominences results in continuity of the upper jaw and lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What occurs at the end of the 4th week in nose development?

A

Bilateral oval thickenings of the surface ectoderm called the nasal placodes develop on the inferolateral aspects of the frontonasal prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What occurs from the formation of nasal pits in the 5th week?

A

2 lateral nasal prominences
2 medial nasal prominences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is derived from the frontonasal prominence?

A

Bridge of nose
Forehead
Medial and lateral nasal prominences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is derived from the medial nasal prominence?

A

Crest and tip of nose
Intermaxillary segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is derived from the lateral nasal prominence?

A

Alae of nose

32
Q

What is separated from the nasolacrimal groove and what does is later form?

A

Maxillary from lateral nasal prominence
Nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac

33
Q

What is derived from the intermaxillary segment? MIP

A

Middle part (philtrum) of upper lip
Incisors
Primary palate

34
Q

What is derived from the maxillary prominence?

A

Cheeks
Lateral portion of upper lip

35
Q

What is derived from the mandibular prominence?

A

Lower lip and lower face

36
Q

What occurs in the 6th week of development in facial development?

A

Nasal pits deepen further into underlying mesenchyme and growth of nasal prominences

37
Q

What originally separates nasal pits from oral cavity?

A

Oronasal membrane

38
Q

What is formed by rupture of oronasal membrane?

A

Primitive choanae

39
Q

What forms the palate?

A

Definitive choanae

40
Q

What is the nasal septum formed from?

A

Frontal prominences fuse with definitive palate

41
Q

What forms the paranasal sinuses?

A

Diverticula of lateral nasal wall that extend into maxilla, ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid bones

42
Q

When does palatogenesis begin?

A

Week 6

43
Q

What is the critical period of development for the palate?

A

End of week 6 to beginning of week 9

44
Q

What is the secondary palate derived from?

A

Palatine shelves from maxillary prominence fuse in midline

45
Q

What forms the definitive palate?

A

Primary and secondary palate fuse at incisive development

46
Q

What forms the hard palate?

A

Bone develops in anterior part of definitive palate

47
Q

What causes a cleft lip?

A

Failure of fusion of maxillary prominence with medial nasal prominence

48
Q

What causes oblique facial cleft?

A

Failure of fusion of maxillary prominences with lateral nasal prominence exposing nasolacrimal duct to surface

49
Q

What causes cleft palate?

A

Failure of fusion of palatine shelves with each other or and/or primary palate

50
Q

What is the effect of retinoic acid on facial deformities?

A

Can cause if in excess or in lack

51
Q

What causes first arch syndrome?

A

Lack of migration of neural crest cells into first pharyngeal arch

52
Q

What are two types of first arch syndrome?

A

Treacher Collins syndrome/mandibulofacial dysostosis
Pierre Robin syndrome/Robin sequence

53
Q

What are characteristics of Treacher Collins syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant
Underdeveloped zygomatic bones
Mandibular hypoplasia/micrognathia
Lower eyelid colobomas(notch)
Malformed external eears
Normal IQ

54
Q

What are characteristics of Pierre Robin syndrome?

A

Mandible development severely affected
Triad of micrognathia, cleft palate, glossoptosis
Compression of chin against chest in oligohydramnios

55
Q

What are the characteristics of holoprosencephaly?

A

Extensive deficiency of midline tissue
Eyes have fused - synophthalmia
Proboscis - single nasal opening
Upper lip from fusion of maxillary prominences
Narrow head
Brain with single ventricle

56
Q

What causes holoprosencephaly?

A

Mutations in SHH
Maternal exposure to teratogens in week 3

57
Q

What are characteristics of Van der Woude syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Low lip pits in 88% of cases
Cleft palate alone
Hypodontia

58
Q

What is mutated in Van der Woude syndrome and its function?

A

Interferon regulatory factor 6
Fusing of palatal shelves

59
Q

What are characteristics of oculoauriculovertebral spectrum/hemifacial microsomia/Goldenhar syndrome?

A

Number of craniofacial abnormalities - typically involve small and flat maxillary, temporal, and zygomatic
Eye - tumor jand dermoids
Ear - anotia, microtia
Fused and hemivertebrae - spina bifida
CVS abnormalities in 50% of cases

60
Q

What arches are related to oculoauriculovertebral spectrum/hemifacial microsomia/Goldenhar syndrome?

A

First and second pharyngeal arches

61
Q

What is derived from the first pharyngeal pouch?

A

Tubotympanic recess

62
Q

What is derived from the second pharyngeal pouch?

A

Palatine tonsil

63
Q

When are tonsils infiltrated with lymphatic tissue?

A

Month 3-5

64
Q

What is derived from the ventral wing of the third pharyngeal pouch?

A

Thymus

65
Q

What is derived from the dorsal wing of the third pharyngeal pouch?

A

Inferior parathyroid glands

66
Q

What is derived from the dorsal wing of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?

A

Superior parathyroid glands

67
Q

What is derived from the ventral wing of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?

A

Ultimobranchial body - parafollicular cells - calcitonin

68
Q

What makes up the tubotympanic recess?

A

Primitive middle ear cavity
Tympanic membrane
Eustachian/auditory tube

69
Q

What is affected to cause DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Third and fourth pharyngeal pouches
Deletion of long arm of chromosome 22
Disruption of neural crest cells

70
Q

What are characteristics of DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Congenital heart defects
Mild facial dysmorphology
Learning disabilities
Recurrent infections due to thymic hypoplasia/aplasia
Hypoparathyroidism-hypocalcemia

71
Q

What happens to the second, third, and fourth pharyngeal clefts?

A

Buried by second arch
Form cervical sinus, which obliterates

72
Q

What causes pharyngeal/branchial fistulas?

A

When 2nd pharyngeal arch fails to grow over third and fourth arches, leaving 2nd, 3rd, and 4th clefts in contact with surface by narrow canal
Cervical cyst from remnant of cervical sinus

73
Q

Where would you find pharyngeal/branchial fistulas?

A

Lateral neck anterior to sternocleidomastoid, often just below angle of jaw

74
Q

What causes internal pharyngeal/branchial fistulas?

A

Cervical sinus connected to lumen of pharynx by small canal due to rupture of membrane between second pharyngeal cleft and pouch

75
Q

Where do internal pharyngeal/branchial fistulas typically open?

A

Tonsillar region

76
Q

What is formed from the first pharyngeal cleft?

A

Epithelial lining of external auditory meatus

Musculoskeletal I (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions