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NURS 210 > Skin, Hair, & Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, & Nails Flashcards

1
Q

what are some of the SKIN’S integral functions?

A
  • PROTECTIVE BARRIER against foreign substances & trauma
  • restricts BODY FLUID LOSS
  • regulates BODY TEMP
  • produces VITAMIN D
  • provides SENSORY PERCEPTION
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

describe the A&P of the SKIN

A

EPIDERMIS:
- outermost layer (come lets get sub burnt)
DERMIS:
- connective tissue layer
- includes elastin, collagen, fibers, motor nerve fibers
HYPODERMIS:
- subcutaneous layer
- important for HEAT, INSULATION, SHOCK ABSORPTION, calorie reserve

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4
Q

what are some APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN?

A
  • ECCRINE & APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
  • SEBACEOUS GLANDS
  • HAIR
  • NAILS
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5
Q

describe ECCRINE GLANDS

A

direct opening on skin surface

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6
Q

describe APOCRINE GLANDS

A
  • specialized structures found in axillae, nipples, areolae, eyelids, ears
  • secrete OILY FLUID containing protein, CHO, & etc…
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7
Q

describe SEBACEOUS GLANDS

A

secretion of SEBUM - acts of lubricant & moisturizer for skin & hair

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8
Q

what are NAILS composed of?

A

keratin–very important for dexterity

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9
Q

describe what happens to A&P of the skin in OLDER ADULTS?

A
  • decreased activity of GLANDS; = drier skin & less perspiration
  • THINNING of the epidermis
  • decreased COLLAGEN & ELASTICITY
  • increased GRAY HAIR = decreased MELANOCYTES
  • increased baldness
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10
Q

describe HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS–SKIN

A

important to observe/ask;
- skin changes
- specific symptoms
- specific location
- recent exposures/travel history
- any medications?
- any trauma?
- any bites?

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11
Q

describe HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS–HAIR?

A

important to observe/ask;
- changes in hair
- any symptoms?
- diet/nutrition?
- any infestations?
- any medications?

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12
Q

describe HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS–NAILS?

A

important to observe/ask;
- changes in nails
- recent history
- any associated symptoms?
- exposure/occupations?
- medications?

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13
Q

what are some signs of history to observe within OLDER ADULTS?

A
  • can have INCREASED or DECREASED SENSATION
  • have many different factors of CHANGE in skin, hair, & nails
  • have greater SUSCEPTIBILITY to SKIN INFECTIONS
  • have DECREASED HEALING RESPONSES
  • have greater SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FAILLS
  • have greater MEDICATIONS **POLYPHARMACY
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14
Q

what do we PALPATE FOR on SKIN SURFACES? (5)

A
  • MOISTURE
  • TEMPERATURE
  • TEXTURE
  • TURGOR
  • ELASTICITY
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15
Q

what do we INSPECT FOR on SKIN SURFACES?

A
  • COLOR & UNIFORM APPERANCE
    (ex. color is appropriate for ethicity)
  • any SKIN LESIONS/WOUNDS?
  • THICKNESS
  • SYMMETRY
  • HYGIENE
  • any ABNORMALITIES
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16
Q

what are areas that NEED EXTRA INSPECTION during skin examination?

A
  • important to also check areas like SKIN FOLDS;
  • larger breast under areas
  • obese abdomen
  • groin
    (all of these areas are WARM & MOIST – susceptible for irritation/infection)
  • also checking FEET, TOENAILS, FINGERS, TOES
17
Q

can rashes be soley on one part of the body?

A

NO, rashes can be various areas on the body–important to specify & clear if rashes are LOCALIZED or GENERALIZED

18
Q

normal moisture of skin

A

should be MINIMAL / some oiliness

19
Q

what surface of the hand do we use to PALPATE FOR TEMPERATURE? normal temperature of skin?

A

using the DORSAL SURFACE – more sensitized to temperature
- skin should be WATM – hands & feet can be slightly cooler

20
Q

normal texture of skin

A

should be SMOOTH, SOFT, & EVEN

21
Q

normal TURGOR of the skin

A
  • should immediately revert back to original position after pinching
    if NOT (INTENTED); can be a sign of DEHYDRATION/PRESENT EDEMA
22
Q

hypothermia

A

a medical emergency that occurs when the body’s temperature drops too low, usually due to exposure to cold temperatures for a prolonged period

23
Q

hyperthermia

A

condition where the body’s temperature is higher than normal due to a failure of the body’s thermoregulation system

24
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating

25
Q

what are some IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS of SKIN LESIONS to NOTE? (8)

A
  • size
  • shape
  • color
  • texture
  • elevations/depressions
  • blanching
  • exudates
  • location & distribution
26
Q

what are our TYPES OF SKIN LESIONS

A

 Macule
 Patch
 Papule
 Plaque
 Nodule
 Tumor
 Vesicle
 Bulla
 Pustule
 Cyst
 Wheal

27
Q

bulla

A

fluid filled vesicle – BLISTER

28
Q

cyst

A

elevated + circumscribed area of the skin filled with LIQUID or SEMISOLID FLUID

29
Q

macule

A

FLAT + circumscribed AREA
- can be BROWN, RED, WHITE, or TAN

30
Q

nodule

A

ELEVATED + FIRM + CIRCUMSCRIBED + PALPABLE area greater than 5 MM in diameter
- can involve all skin layers

31
Q

papule

A
  • TINY RAISED BUMP
  • can often develop from EXCESS OIL and PORE CLOGGED
32
Q

plaque

A
  • elevated FLAT TOPPED FIRM ROUGH PATCH
33
Q

pustule

A
  • similar to a VESCILE but is filled with PUS
34
Q

vesicle

A

elevated circumscribed superficial fluid-filled blister

35
Q

wheal

A

elevated irregular shaped area of CUTANEOUS EDEMA
- often as SOLID, TRANSIENT & CHANGEABLE
- can be RED, PALE PINK or WHITE (HIVES)

36
Q

describe VITILIGO

A
  • type of LONG-TERM CONDITION often seen by skin patches that LOSE PIGMENT
  • can affect inside of the mouth, hair, and nose
  • more at RISK OF SKIN CANCER in NONPIGMENTED AREAS of their skin

NURS 210 (5 decks)

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