Skin, Hair, & Nails Flashcards
what are some of the SKIN’S integral functions?
- PROTECTIVE BARRIER against foreign substances & trauma
- restricts BODY FLUID LOSS
- regulates BODY TEMP
- produces VITAMIN D
- provides SENSORY PERCEPTION
describe the A&P of the SKIN
EPIDERMIS:
- outermost layer (come lets get sub burnt)
DERMIS:
- connective tissue layer
- includes elastin, collagen, fibers, motor nerve fibers
HYPODERMIS:
- subcutaneous layer
- important for HEAT, INSULATION, SHOCK ABSORPTION, calorie reserve
what are some APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN?
- ECCRINE & APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
- SEBACEOUS GLANDS
- HAIR
- NAILS
describe ECCRINE GLANDS
direct opening on skin surface
describe APOCRINE GLANDS
- specialized structures found in axillae, nipples, areolae, eyelids, ears
- secrete OILY FLUID containing protein, CHO, & etc…
describe SEBACEOUS GLANDS
secretion of SEBUM - acts of lubricant & moisturizer for skin & hair
what are NAILS composed of?
keratin–very important for dexterity
describe what happens to A&P of the skin in OLDER ADULTS?
- decreased activity of GLANDS; = drier skin & less perspiration
- THINNING of the epidermis
- decreased COLLAGEN & ELASTICITY
- increased GRAY HAIR = decreased MELANOCYTES
- increased baldness
describe HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS–SKIN
important to observe/ask;
- skin changes
- specific symptoms
- specific location
- recent exposures/travel history
- any medications?
- any trauma?
- any bites?
describe HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS–HAIR?
important to observe/ask;
- changes in hair
- any symptoms?
- diet/nutrition?
- any infestations?
- any medications?
describe HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS–NAILS?
important to observe/ask;
- changes in nails
- recent history
- any associated symptoms?
- exposure/occupations?
- medications?
what are some signs of history to observe within OLDER ADULTS?
- can have INCREASED or DECREASED SENSATION
- have many different factors of CHANGE in skin, hair, & nails
- have greater SUSCEPTIBILITY to SKIN INFECTIONS
- have DECREASED HEALING RESPONSES
- have greater SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FAILLS
- have greater MEDICATIONS **POLYPHARMACY
what do we PALPATE FOR on SKIN SURFACES? (5)
- MOISTURE
- TEMPERATURE
- TEXTURE
- TURGOR
- ELASTICITY
what do we INSPECT FOR on SKIN SURFACES?
- COLOR & UNIFORM APPERANCE
(ex. color is appropriate for ethicity) - any SKIN LESIONS/WOUNDS?
- THICKNESS
- SYMMETRY
- HYGIENE
- any ABNORMALITIES
what are areas that NEED EXTRA INSPECTION during skin examination?
- important to also check areas like SKIN FOLDS;
- larger breast under areas
- obese abdomen
- groin
(all of these areas are WARM & MOIST – susceptible for irritation/infection) - also checking FEET, TOENAILS, FINGERS, TOES
can rashes be soley on one part of the body?
NO, rashes can be various areas on the body–important to specify & clear if rashes are LOCALIZED or GENERALIZED
normal moisture of skin
should be MINIMAL / some oiliness
what surface of the hand do we use to PALPATE FOR TEMPERATURE? normal temperature of skin?
using the DORSAL SURFACE – more sensitized to temperature
- skin should be WATM – hands & feet can be slightly cooler
- want this temperature to be BILATERAL = normal circulatory status
normal texture of skin
should be SMOOTH, SOFT, & EVEN
normal TURGOR of the skin
- should immediately revert back to original position after pinching
if NOT (INTENTED); can be a sign of DEHYDRATION/PRESENT EDEMA
hypothermia
a medical emergency that occurs when the body’s temperature drops too low, usually due to exposure to cold temperatures for a prolonged period
hyperthermia
condition where the body’s temperature is higher than normal due to a failure of the body’s thermoregulation system
diaphoresis
sweating
what are some IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS of SKIN LESIONS to NOTE? (8)
- size
- shape
- color
- texture
- elevations/depressions
- blanching
- exudates
- location & distribution
what are our TYPES OF SKIN LESIONS
Macule
Patch
Papule
Plaque
Nodule
Tumor
Vesicle
Bulla
Pustule
Cyst
Wheal
bulla
fluid filled vesicle – BLISTER
cyst
elevated + circumscribed area of the skin filled with LIQUID or SEMISOLID FLUID
macule
FLAT + circumscribed AREA
- can be BROWN, RED, WHITE, or TAN