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NURS 210 > Ears/Nose/Mouth/Throat > Flashcards

Ears/Nose/Mouth/Throat Flashcards

1
Q

function of the EARS

A

the SENSORY ORGANS that are responsible for our HEARING & maintaining EQUILIBRIUM

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2
Q

what are the THREE PARTS of the ear?

A
  • EXTERNAL EAR **only part we typically assess
  • MIDDLE EAR
  • INNER EAR
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3
Q

important assessment for MASTOID PROCESS location

A

can be an indication of BRAIN INFECTION - MENINGITIS (if swollen/abnormality)

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4
Q

tympanic cavity / what should it look like?

A

the SMALL AIR-FILLED CHAMBER within the TEMPORAL BONE
- should be ROUND, PEARLY, and GRAY in appearance

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5
Q

what is the MAIN DIFFERENCE between CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS & SENSOINEURAL HEARING LOSS?

A

CONDUCTIVE;
often will affect the OUTER EAR/issue regarding bones

SENSORINEURAL;
often will affect a little bit of the MIDDLE/INNER EAR/issue regarding the nerves

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6
Q

definition of HEARING LOSS

A

anything that is OBSTRUCTING the transmission of sound that begins to IMPAIR HEARING

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7
Q

what are some RISK FACTORS for hearing loss?

A
  • OTOTOXIC MEDS; these are strong antibiotics –with a high dosage; can cause hearing loss
  • ILLNESS/FEVER
  • amount of NOISE EXPOSURE
  • OLDER ADULTS
  • PREMATURE BIRTHS
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8
Q

labyrinth

A

inner ear structure that CONSTANTLY FEEDS INFO to the brain about specific BODY POSITION within space

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9
Q

how does the LABYRINTH WORK?

A

works similar to a PLUMB LINE–helps to determine verticality or depth
- also considers position in relation to GRAVITY

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10
Q

what happens if our LABYRINTH is INFLAMED?

A
  • can send WRONG INFO to the brain
  • causes STAGGERING GAIT
  • can cause VERTIGO
  • increases FALL RISK
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11
Q

what is typically found in OLDER ADULT’s ears?

A
  • dried CERUMEN often with IMPACTION
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12
Q

presbycusis

A

AGE-RELATED + GRADUAL progressive SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

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13
Q

important to look for during the PHYSICAL EXAM of the ear

A
  • proper symmetry
  • any signs of trauma, lesions, drainage, or swelling
  • note any changes in color, size, shape
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14
Q

what CN are we testing? what tests can we use?

A

testing the AUDITORY/VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR CN VIII
- can use the WHISPER VOICE TEST
- WEBER/RINNE TEST

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15
Q

what are the TWO PARTS OF the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE?

A
  • AUDITORY PART
    damaged; DEAFNESS/TINNITUS
  • VESTIBULAR PART
    damaged; VERTIGO/IMBALANCE
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16
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

soundwaves cannot PASS THROUGH the MIDDLE EAR to the INNER EAR

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17
Q

what can CAUSE CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS?

A
  • INFECTIONS
  • EARWAX BUILDUP
  • PUNCTURED EARDRUM
  • FLUID within the MIDDLE EAR
  • DAMAGE to bones within MIDDLE EAR
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18
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

where there is DAMAGE to any part of the SPECIALIZED NERVOUS SYSTEM of the ear
(the CN VIII, HAIR CELLS)

19
Q

what can CAUSE SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS?

A
  • long exposure to LOUD NOISES
  • AGING
20
Q

Rinne test

A
  • compares AIR CONDITION to BONE CONDUCTION
  • AIR; air vibration by the ear (ear canal/ear drum)
  • BONE; vibration through the bone – picked up by the nervous system
21
Q

explain the Weber test

A
  • tuning fork is PLACED ON MIDDLE OF THE HEAD
  • asking patient where sound is best heard; L/R ear or EQUALLY

results;
**should be EQUAL ON BOTH EARS
**if CONDUCTIVE; heard best in ABNORMAL EAR
**if SENSOINEURAL; heard best in NORMAL EAR

22
Q

rinne test results

A

should have a LONGER AIR CONDUCTION time vs. BONE CONDUCTION **around 2x

**if CONDUCTIVE =
BONE CONDUCTION > AIR CONDUCTION
**if SENSOINEURAL =
AIR CONDUCTION > BONE CONDUCTION

23
Q

otitis externa

A

an INFLAMMATION of the AUDITORY CANAL & the EXTERNAL SURFACE of the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

24
Q

acute OTITIS MEDIA

A

inflammation in the MIDDLE EAR; often due to MIDDLE EAR EFFUSION/infection of bacteria

25
Q

what are our SINUS CAVITIES

A
  • FRONTAL
  • ETHMOID
  • SPHENOID
  • MAXILLARY
26
Q

epistaxis

A

also known as a NOSEBLEED

27
Q

what glands to assess?

A
  • PAROTID GLAND
  • SUBLINGUAL GLAND
28
Q

what to assess - NOSE?

A
  • any signs of NASAL DISCHARGE
  • any tenderness around the SINUSES?
  • does the patient SNORE when they sleep?
  • epistaxis; duration/obstructions/specific site?
29
Q

what could be causing SINUS PAIN?

A
  • NASAL CONGESTION/NASAL DISCHARGE
  • FEVER/COUGHING
  • TOOTHACHES
  • can use DECONGESTANTS to clear up
30
Q

what to assess in the MOUTH?

A
  • any issues regarding DENTAL PROBLEMS/APPLICANCES?
  • any signs of MOUTH LESIONS/SORES/HERPES?
  • any variations or changes in buccal mucosa/tongue?
31
Q

what does a NORMAL NASAL CAVITY/EXTERNAL NOSE LOOK LIKE?

A
  • should be clear, symmetric, and have CLEAR NOSE PATENCY
  • nares inside; should be again SYMMETRIC; should have PINK, MOIST MUCOSA/no masses or lesions
32
Q

what CN are we testing when we are assessing the nose?

A

CN I - olfactory ; can use familiar smells to test smell sensations

33
Q

what sinuses do we typically inspect & palpate?

A

mainly just the FRONTAL & MAXILLARY SINUSES
- looking for swelling/tenderness/sign of infection

34
Q

why is it important to also assess the TEETH & GUMS?

A

a really important indicator of the patient’s GENERAL HEALTH & SELF-CARE

35
Q

what CN’s are assessed when observing the mouth and tongue? what does the ABNORMAL FINDINGS LOOK LIKE?

A

CN IX & X - GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL & VAGUS
**Observing GAG REFLEX tests

CN IX; (sensory)
- issues with swallowing
- absent gag reflex
- parotid gland dysfunction
- impaired sensation of 1/3 of tongue

CN X; (sensory/motor)
- issues with HR/GI secretion/ANS issues
- palate/throat paralysis

36
Q

how do we TEST CN XII

A

testing the HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE;
want patient to stick out tongue; look for any deviations to the side
**if damaged, will point to the damaged side
- also can assess tongue strength

37
Q

what is the GRADING SCALE OF THE TONSILS?

A

+1 - VISIBLE
+2 - MIDWAY between the SOFT PALATE & UVULA
+3 - TOUCHING the UVULA
+4 - TONSILS are TOUCHING EACH OTHER

38
Q

what can be indicated if a patient’s tonsils are +4?

A

can be a SERIOUS INFECTION–could be a potential sign of STREP THROAT
- must be treated asap; can lead to the heart

39
Q

what are some age-related changes to the MOUTH?

A
  • decreased SALIVA
  • drier ORAL MUCOSA
  • more receding/worn down mouth structures
  • decreased SMELL + TASTE
40
Q

sinusitis

A

an BACTERIAL INFECTION of ONE or MORE of the PARANASAL SINUSES

41
Q

oral cancer

A

cancer that affects the ORAL CAVITY and other structures

42
Q

acute bacterial pharyngitis

A

infection of the TONSILS or POSTERIOR PHARYNX

43
Q

periodontal disease

A

a CHRONIC INFECTION of the GUMS, BONES, nd other tissues that help to support and surround the teeth

NURS 210 (15 decks)

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