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NURS 210 > Male & Female Genitalia/Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male & Female Genitalia/Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

penis

A

used for URINATION & REPRODUCTION

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2
Q

inguinal area

A
  • is often the FREQUENT SITE of HERNIA DEVELOPMENT
  • lateral to the SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE
  • medial to SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
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3
Q

what can be a sign that there is some issues with the PROSTATE GLAND?

A
  • patient assessed is having frequent URINATION PROBLEMS
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4
Q

what needs to be considered during assessment of the genitalia?

A
  • can be a very SENSITIVE topic to discuss
  • have to establish a TRUSTING RELATIONSHIP
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5
Q

what are some SUBJECTIVE DATA that needs to be considered?

A
  • SEXUAL PREFERENCES/PARTNERS
  • STIS
  • fears/comfort level about the topic of sex
  • issues with genitalia
  • use of contraceptives
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6
Q

what histories are important to note?

A
  • PAST FAMILY HISTORY
    **testicular or breast cancer - genetic disease
  • lifestyles
  • symptoms of urination/abnormalities
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7
Q

what must be noted during PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT of the MALE GU

A
  • any signs of infestations, abnormal discharge, changes in formation
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8
Q

what are the MOST COMMON TYPES OF HERNIAS?

A
  • UMBILICAL HERNIA
  • INGUINAL HERNIA
  • FEMORAL HERNIA
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9
Q

history to consider in FEMALE GU?

A
  • mense cycles
  • menopause
  • uti history
  • sti history
  • discharges
  • date of last PAP smear
  • pregnancies
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10
Q

urge inctontinence

A

having an INVOLUNTARY URINE LOSS due to an OVERACTIVE DETRUSOR MUSCLE

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11
Q

stress incontinence

A

having INVOLUNTARY URINE LOSS due to straining, sneezing, or coughing
- often due to PELVIC FLOOR WEAKNESS

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12
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

aka BED WETTING; after the age 5-6

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13
Q

what are some typical OLDER CLIENT FINDINGS seen in the FEMALE GU?

A
  • more common vaginal infections
  • pale cervix after menopause
  • gray/thinning pubic hair
  • urinary incontinence
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14
Q

what are the COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR HIV?

A
  • being born from a HIV-POSITIVE MOM
  • NEEDLESTICKS
  • SEXUAL TRANSMISSION/BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
  • any transferring of BODILY FLUIDS
  • high-risk behaviors / IV drug use
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15
Q

what are the COMMON SYMPTOMS of HIV?

A
  • flu-like symptoms
    -weight loss
  • coughing
    -swollen lymph nodes
  • mouth ulcers
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16
Q

definition of TESTICULAR CANCER

A

cancer that begins to form in the tissue of one or both testicles

symptoms;
- lump/lesion on the testicle
- abdominal pain
- swollen scrotum
- lower back pain

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17
Q

how to DECREASE RISK of TESTICULAR CANCER?

A
  • having routine checkups
  • doing self-examinations
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18
Q

cervical cancer & risk factors

A

cancer that causes MALIGNANT CELL GROWTH within the cervix

risk factors;
- HPV INFECTION
- overweight
- past family history
- chlamydia infection
- IAD use
- immunosuppression

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19
Q

what are COMMON symptoms of CERVICAL CANCER?

A
  • bloody/watery discharge
  • pain during intercourse
  • lumps/tumors
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20
Q

how can we REDUCE risk for CERVICAL CANCER?

A
  • avoid risky sexual practices/don’t have multiple partners
  • early HPV vaccination
  • regular screening tests; often if found early - very successfully treated cancers
21
Q

what are the DIVISIONS of the BREAST?

A

separated into 4 COMPARTMENTS;
- UPPER INNER QUADRANT
- LOWER INNER QUADRANT
- UPPER OUTER QUADRANT
- LOWER OUTER QUADRANT
**AXILLARY TAIL OF SPENCE

22
Q

lymphedema

A

having UNILATERAL + SWELLING + NONPITTING EDEMA with INDURATED OVERLYING SKIN
- often due to DAMAGE OF LYMPH NODES/REMOVAL – very often seen in female patients after breast surgery/mastectomy

23
Q

supernumerary nipple

A

often considered a “third extra nipple”
- both males and females can have this

24
Q

describe BREAST DEVELOPMENT CHANGES

A

adolescent;
- increase estrogen
- breast change; around 2 - 5 years
pregnant women;
- more tender/larger/nodular
- 4th month - colostrum
postmeno women;
- lower estrogen
- less elasticity
- atrophy of breast tissue

25
Q

gynecomastia

A

common ADOLECENT CONDITION seen in young men; temporary enlargement of breast tissue
- often is UNILATERAL and TEMPORARY
- can reappear in older males; due to TESTOSTERONE DECREASE

26
Q

during breast assessment what to consider?

A
  • proper symmetry/contour
  • any dimpling? **indication of breast cancer
  • any lesions/changes in nipples?
27
Q

when is MILKY DISCHARGE NORMAL?

A

only normal during PREGNANCY or LACTATION

28
Q

peau d’orange

A

breast begins to look like an ORANGE PEEL–sign of breast cancer

29
Q

mastitis

A

infection of the breast; infection of the milk duct
**needs to use breast pump to further open the duct

30
Q

when is it recommended to start breast mammogram screening?

A

often between ages 40 - 50; typically annually **also depends if you have less/more past family history

31
Q

fibroadenoma

A

having BENIGN TUMORS–due to a HYPERPLASTIC PROCESS on one of the duct units

32
Q

malignant breast tumors

A

having DUCTAL CARCINOMA in the epithelial lining –seen in GLANDULAR TISSUE of the lobes

33
Q

what are the COMMON SIGNS OF BREAST CANCER?

A
  • new lump of mass
  • breast/nipple pain
  • nipple discharge
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • skin dimpling
  • nipple retraction
34
Q

what to consider for OLDER ADULT HISTORY - anus.rectum.prostate?

A
  • can have greater diet changes
  • difficulty in urination
  • an enlarged prostate
35
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

typical CYST or SINUS near the cleft of the buttocks

36
Q

anal warts

A

aka CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA;
growth in and around the anus

37
Q

anal fistula

A

an INFLAMMATORY TRACT that runs from anus/rectum, opens onto perianal skin

38
Q

perianal abscess

A

an INFECTION of the anal tissue or glands

39
Q

hemorrhoids

A

SWOLLEN or INFLAMED VEINS seen in the LOWER RECTUM or ANUS

40
Q

colorectal cancer

A

cancer of the large INTESTINE or RECTUM

41
Q

s/s of COLON CANCER

A
  • abdominal pain
  • change in BM
  • rectal bleeding
  • weight loss
42
Q

risk factors of colon cancer

A
  • family history
  • age 50+
  • african-american
  • DM
  • obese
  • inflammatory GI conditions
43
Q

s/s of prostate cancer

A
  • urination issues; urge to pee more/slower stream
  • blood in urine or semen
  • erectile dysfunction
  • back pain
  • fatigue
  • family history
  • age 50+
44
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

a NONMALIGNANT ENLARGEMENT OF THE PROSTATE

45
Q

how can we test/assess for prostate cancer?

A
  • early screening tests
  • use of a PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN TEST
46
Q

definiton of a STI

A

known as STI; infection transferred to another person by sexual contact

47
Q

prevention of STI

A
  • being ABSTINENT
  • using protection
  • having regular check ups
48
Q

HPV

A

known as HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
- one of the most common STIs
- indicates WARTS around genitalia
- can cause cancer
- often due to early sexual activity/no protection/ multiple partners
- can cause discoloration around the oral cavity

49
Q

who is at RISK for HPV?

A
  • greater sex partners
  • not being circumcised
  • early sex

NURS 210 (15 decks)

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