Male & Female Genitalia/Reproductive System Flashcards
penis
used for URINATION & REPRODUCTION
inguinal area
- is often the FREQUENT SITE of HERNIA DEVELOPMENT
- lateral to the SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE
- medial to SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
what can be a sign that there is some issues with the PROSTATE GLAND?
- patient assessed is having frequent URINATION PROBLEMS
what needs to be considered during assessment of the genitalia?
- can be a very SENSITIVE topic to discuss
- have to establish a TRUSTING RELATIONSHIP
what are some SUBJECTIVE DATA that needs to be considered?
- SEXUAL PREFERENCES/PARTNERS
- STIS
- fears/comfort level about the topic of sex
- issues with genitalia
- use of contraceptives
what histories are important to note?
- PAST FAMILY HISTORY
**testicular or breast cancer - genetic disease - lifestyles
- symptoms of urination/abnormalities
what must be noted during PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT of the MALE GU
- any signs of infestations, abnormal discharge, changes in formation
what are the MOST COMMON TYPES OF HERNIAS?
- UMBILICAL HERNIA
- INGUINAL HERNIA
- FEMORAL HERNIA
history to consider in FEMALE GU?
- mense cycles
- menopause
- uti history
- sti history
- discharges
- date of last PAP smear
- pregnancies
urge inctontinence
having an INVOLUNTARY URINE LOSS due to an OVERACTIVE DETRUSOR MUSCLE
stress incontinence
having INVOLUNTARY URINE LOSS due to straining, sneezing, or coughing
- often due to PELVIC FLOOR WEAKNESS
nocturnal enuresis
aka BED WETTING; after the age 5-6
what are some typical OLDER CLIENT FINDINGS seen in the FEMALE GU?
- more common vaginal infections
- pale cervix after menopause
- gray/thinning pubic hair
- urinary incontinence
what are the COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR HIV?
- being born from a HIV-POSITIVE MOM
- NEEDLESTICKS
- SEXUAL TRANSMISSION/BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
- any transferring of BODILY FLUIDS
- high-risk behaviors / IV drug use
what are the COMMON SYMPTOMS of HIV?
- flu-like symptoms
-weight loss - coughing
-swollen lymph nodes - mouth ulcers
definition of TESTICULAR CANCER
cancer that begins to form in the tissue of one or both testicles
symptoms;
- lump/lesion on the testicle
- abdominal pain
- swollen scrotum
- lower back pain
how to DECREASE RISK of TESTICULAR CANCER?
- having routine checkups
- doing self-examinations
cervical cancer & risk factors
cancer that causes MALIGNANT CELL GROWTH within the cervix
risk factors;
- HPV INFECTION
- overweight
- past family history
- chlamydia infection
- IAD use
- immunosuppression
what are COMMON symptoms of CERVICAL CANCER?
- bloody/watery discharge
- pain during intercourse
- lumps/tumors
how can we REDUCE risk for CERVICAL CANCER?
- avoid risky sexual practices/don’t have multiple partners
- early HPV vaccination
- regular screening tests; often if found early - very successfully treated cancers
what are the DIVISIONS of the BREAST?
separated into 4 COMPARTMENTS;
- UPPER INNER QUADRANT
- LOWER INNER QUADRANT
- UPPER OUTER QUADRANT
- LOWER OUTER QUADRANT
**AXILLARY TAIL OF SPENCE
lymphedema
having UNILATERAL + SWELLING + NONPITTING EDEMA with INDURATED OVERLYING SKIN
- often due to DAMAGE OF LYMPH NODES/REMOVAL – very often seen in female patients after breast surgery/mastectomy
supernumerary nipple
often considered a “third extra nipple”
- both males and females can have this
describe BREAST DEVELOPMENT CHANGES
adolescent;
- increase estrogen
- breast change; around 2 - 5 years
pregnant women;
- more tender/larger/nodular
- 4th month - colostrum
postmeno women;
- lower estrogen
- less elasticity
- atrophy of breast tissue
gynecomastia
common ADOLECENT CONDITION seen in young men; temporary enlargement of breast tissue
- often is UNILATERAL and TEMPORARY
- can reappear in older males; due to TESTOSTERONE DECREASE
during breast assessment what to consider?
- proper symmetry/contour
- any dimpling? **indication of breast cancer
- any lesions/changes in nipples?
when is MILKY DISCHARGE NORMAL?
only normal during PREGNANCY or LACTATION
peau d’orange
breast begins to look like an ORANGE PEEL–sign of breast cancer
mastitis
infection of the breast; infection of the milk duct
**needs to use breast pump to further open the duct
when is it recommended to start breast mammogram screening?
often between ages 40 - 50; typically annually **also depends if you have less/more past family history
fibroadenoma
having BENIGN TUMORS–due to a HYPERPLASTIC PROCESS on one of the duct units
malignant breast tumors
having DUCTAL CARCINOMA in the epithelial lining –seen in GLANDULAR TISSUE of the lobes
what are the COMMON SIGNS OF BREAST CANCER?
- new lump of mass
- breast/nipple pain
- nipple discharge
- swollen lymph nodes
- skin dimpling
- nipple retraction
what to consider for OLDER ADULT HISTORY - anus.rectum.prostate?
- can have greater diet changes
- difficulty in urination
- an enlarged prostate
pilonidal cyst
typical CYST or SINUS near the cleft of the buttocks
anal warts
aka CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA;
growth in and around the anus
anal fistula
an INFLAMMATORY TRACT that runs from anus/rectum, opens onto perianal skin
perianal abscess
an INFECTION of the anal tissue or glands
hemorrhoids
SWOLLEN or INFLAMED VEINS seen in the LOWER RECTUM or ANUS
colorectal cancer
cancer of the large INTESTINE or RECTUM
s/s of COLON CANCER
- abdominal pain
- change in BM
- rectal bleeding
- weight loss
risk factors of colon cancer
- family history
- age 50+
- african-american
- DM
- obese
- inflammatory GI conditions
s/s of prostate cancer
- urination issues; urge to pee more/slower stream
- blood in urine or semen
- erectile dysfunction
- back pain
- fatigue
- family history
- age 50+
benign prostatic hyperplasia
a NONMALIGNANT ENLARGEMENT OF THE PROSTATE
how can we test/assess for prostate cancer?
- early screening tests
- use of a PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN TEST
definiton of a STI
known as STI; infection transferred to another person by sexual contact
prevention of STI
- being ABSTINENT
- using protection
- having regular check ups
HPV
known as HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
- one of the most common STIs
- indicates WARTS around genitalia
- can cause cancer
- often due to early sexual activity/no protection/ multiple partners
- can cause discoloration around the oral cavity
who is at RISK for HPV?
- greater sex partners
- not being circumcised
- early sex
