Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 210 > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the TYPES of MUSCLES?

A
  • SKELETAL
  • SMOOTH
  • CARDIAC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe MUSCLES

A
  • they are UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL
  • composed of BUNDLES OF MUSCLE FIBERS
  • attached to the bone by TENDONS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

internal rotation

A

turning TOWARD MIDLINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

external rotation

A

turning AWAY from MIDLINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hyperextension

A

extending BEYOND anatomical position

  • tipping the head backward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

abduction & adduction

A

ABDUCTION
- AWAY from midline of body

ADDUCTION
- TOWARDS the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rotation

A

moving head around the CENTRAL AXIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

protraction

A

moving a BODY PART FORWARD & PARALLEL to the ground

**moving lower jaw forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

retraction

A

moving a BODY PART BACKWARD & PARALLEL to the ground

**returning of lower jaw from forward to normal position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FLEXION & EXTENSION

A

FLEXION
- bending; DECREASING ANGLE OF JOINT

EXTENSION
- straightening; INCREASING ANGLE OF JOINT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PRONATION & SUPINATION

A

PRONATION
- TURNING FOREARM with PALM DOWN

SUPINATION
- TURN FOREARM with PALM UP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

circumduction

A

moving arm in a CIRCLE around the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

INVERSION & EVERSION

A

INVERSION
- moving sole of foot INWARD at the ankle

EVERSION
- moving sole of foot OUTWARD at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

elevation

A

raising a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

depression

A

lowering a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are OUR TYPE OF JOINTS?

A

FIBROUS JOINTS – IMMOVABLE JOINTS
(ex. sutures in the skull)

CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS – SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS
(ex. vertebrae)

SYNOVIAL JOINTS – FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS
(ex. the extremities)

17
Q

what to CONSIDER IN OLDER ADULTS – MS SYSTEM?

A
  • greater loss of SUBQ fat & muscle
  • greater loss of LIGAMENT & TENDON ELASTICITY
  • SLOWER MOVEMENTS
  • greater loss of MUSCLE MASS & STRENGTH
  • often a more EXAGGERATED THORACIC CURVE (KYPHOSIS)
18
Q

what ORDER / components make up a MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAM?

A
  • INSPECTION
    looking at SIZE & CONTOUR + pain + posture
  • PALPATION
    TEMP. + ABNORMAL AREAS/ARTICULATIONS

**very important to COMPARE SIDES during an MSK EXAM
**testing the UNAFFECTED SIDE FIRST
**looking at SYMMETRY

19
Q

active range of motion

A

where the patient performs the exercise to move the joint WITHOUT any assistance to the muscles surrounding the joint

20
Q

passive range of motion

A

where the THERAPIST or RN or the EQUIPMENT moves the joint through the range of motion/ NO EFFORT from the patient

21
Q

what is EXPECTED during ROM EXERCISES?

A
  • should be SMOOTH & QUIET MOTION
  • should hear NO CREPITUS/NO STIFFNESS/NO PAIN
22
Q

describe the MUSCLE STRENGTH SCALE

A

5 - NORMAL STRENGTH

4 - there is MOVEMENT vs. RESISTANCE/less than normal

3 - there is MOVEMENT vs. GRAVITY but not against RESISTANCE

2 - there is MOVEMENT at the JOINT but not against GRAVITY

1 - there is VISIBLE MUSCLE MOVEMENT but NO MOVEMENT at the JONIT

0 - NO MUSCULAR CONTRACTION

23
Q

definition of KYPHOSIS

A
  • the FORWARD ROUNDING of the SPINE
  • characterized by HUMP or CURVE on the LOWER BACK
  • often caused by OSTEOPOROSIS
  • often have PAIN & STIFFNESS in the shoulders
24
Q

definition of SCOLIOSIS

A
  • the SIDEWAYS CURVING OF THE SPINE in a C or S SHAPE
  • often due to LACK OF PROPER DEVELOPMENT of ONE VERTEBRAE
  • often can have MISALIGNMENT of the PELVIS & HIPS / numbness or weakness in the LEGS
25
Q

definition of LORDOSIS

A
  • the INWARD CURVING OF THE SPINE towards the FRONT OF THE BODY
  • often is due to WEAK ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
  • can see the HEAD/NECK leaning forward more
  • often have NECK/LOWER BACK PAIN
26
Q

definition of GOUTY ARTHRITIS

A
  • a FORM OF ARTHRITIS resulting from CHRONICALLY ELEVATED SERUM URIC ACID
  • often have INFLAMMATION of the great toe, wrist, hands, ankles, or knees
  • want to ASSESS for Hx of HBP + CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
27
Q

definition of OSTEOMYELITIS

A
  • is an INFECTION OF THE BONE that often CAUSES INFLAMMATION & SWELLING
  • often can see PAIN, TENDERNESS, EDEMA, FEVER, or LIMPING
28
Q

definition of OSTEOARTHRITIS

A
  • the DETERIORATION of the articular cartilage covering the ends of bone in the SYNOVIAL JOINTS
  • often can see ENLARGEMENT of JOINTS +ARTICULAR PAIN + difficulty in ROM + MUSCLE WEAKNESS
29
Q

definition of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

A
  • a type of CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER of the synovial tissue surrounding the joints
  • often characterized by JOINT DEFORMITY + STIFFNESS + lack of ROM + RED/SWOLLEN AREAS
30
Q

what is the DIFFERENCE between OA vs. RA?

A

OA
more of your typical “wear & tear” of the cartilage–more of a degenerative condition
- typically just targets an ISOLATED JOINT

RA
more of an AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER where the synovial tissue is attacked
- targets SEVERAL JOINTS AT ONE TIME
- can see other factors like fevers, anemia, loss of appetite etc…

31
Q

definition of OSTEOPOROSIS

A
  • WEAK & BRITTLE BONES due to insufficient bone formation
  • have the DECREASE IN BONE MASS & loss of BONE DENSITY
  • very susceptible to OLDER ADULTS - due to loss of bone density as we age –fractures, etc…
  • can see a CHANGE IN POSTURE or HEIGHT / WEIGHT LOSS
32
Q

how do we EDUCATE our patients about OSTEOPOROSIS/how to prevent?

A
  • want a NUTRITIOUS DET with proper CALCIUM INTAKE
  • want to have REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • avoid MALNUTRITION and SECOND-HAND SMOKE
  • get a regular amount of VITAMIN D
33
Q

definition of MUSCLE STRAIN

A

excessive stretching or forceful contraction beyond the muscle’s functional capacity

NURS 210 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions