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NURS 210 > PV System > Flashcards

PV System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM?

A
  • important for transportation of FLUID (such as BLOOD & LYMPH)
  • important for the OXYGEN & NUTRIENT DELIVERY / ELIMINATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS from cellular metabolism
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2
Q

describe the ANATOMY of ARTERIES

A
  • have very STRONG WALLS - have to withstand high pressure demands
  • have ELASTIC FIBERS to STRETCH during SYSTOLE & RECOIL during DIASTOLE
  • have MUSCLE FIBERS - allows to control the amount of blood delivered to the tissues
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3
Q

artery function

A
  • pumps OXYGENATED BLOOD through the arteries to all the body tissues
  • since it is pumping towards the body; it needs a HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM to do so
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4
Q

ischemia

A

the deficient supply of oxygenated arterial blood to tissue caused by OBSTRUCTION of a BLOOD VESSEL

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5
Q

what happens if we have ISCHEMIA and tissue?

A

can have various blockages;

COMPLETE BLOCKAGE;
leads to DEATH of DISTAL TISSUE

PARTIAL BLOCKAGE;
leads to an INSUFFICIENT SUPPLY; can be more apparent only during EXERCISE when oxygen needs increase

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6
Q

what are the MAJOR ARM ARTERIES?

A
  • BRACHIAL ARTERY
  • RADIAL PULSE
  • ULNAR ARTERY
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6
Q

what are the major LEG ARTERIES?

A
  • FEMORAL ARTERY
    **under inguinal ligament
  • POPLITEAL ARTERY
    **splits into ant. tibial artery
  • POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
    *travels down the medial malleolus – forms into plantar arteries
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7
Q

structure of VEINS

A
  • have a LARGER DIAMETER & are more DISTENSIBLE
  • can EXPAND & HOLD MORE BLOOD allows to reduce strain on heart
  • more often in the SUBQ tissue
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8
Q

vein function

A
  • drains DEOXYGENATED BLOOD & WASTE PRODUCTS and returns it to the heart
  • more of a LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
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9
Q

describe VENOUS LEG CRAMPS

A

gets BETTER with EXERCISE, WORSE with dangling
**this makes sense because the veins work going UP against GRAVITY to get blood back into the heart
- has pain of pressure & fatigue
- often caused by VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
- worsens with IMMOBILITY & DIABETES
- can lead to ULCERS, GANGRENE, AMPUTATIONS

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10
Q

describe ARTERIAL LEG CRAMPS

A

gets WORSE with EXERCISE, BETTER WITH REST
**this makes sense as with more exercise, allows a greater necessity of oxygen being delivered towards body – greater work needed
- have PAIN OF ISCHEMIA–INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
- can be caused ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
- can lead to INFARCTS, DRY GANGRENE, AMPUTATIONS

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11
Q

bilateral edema

A

can be an indication of CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY or a systemic problem

  • ex. heart failure, liver failure, hypoalbuminemia
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12
Q

unilateral edema

A

indication of LOCAL DAMAGE to or REMOVAL OF LYMPHATICS (post-mastectomy)
- OBSTRUCTION (lymphoma)
- INFECTION (cellulitis)

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13
Q

what are HPI SYMPTOMS?

A
  • skin changes
  • leg pain/aching pain
  • buldging veins
  • leg wounds/sores
  • swelling
  • sexual activity changes
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14
Q

what do we look for during ARTERIAL PULSE PALPATION?

A

looking at the characteristics BILATERALLY (for symmetry)
- RATE
- RHYTHM
- CONTOUR
- AMPLITUDE

**important to also look at JUGULAR VENOUS PULSATIONS & DISTENSION

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15
Q

describe the PITTING EDEMA SCALE

A

0+ NO PITTING EDEMA

1+ MILD PITTING EDEMA; 2 mm depression; disappears rapidly

2+ MODERATE PITTING EDEMA; 4 mm depression; disappears in 10-15 sec

3+ MODERATELY SEVERE PITTING EDEMA; 6 mm depression; 1 min+

4+ SEVERE PITTING EDEMA; 8 mm depression; 2 min+

16
Q

what to INSPECT & PALPATE FOR?

A
  • looking at any changes;
    color, hair distribution, lesions/ulcers
  • varicosities **best assessed while standing? how is the pt’s symmetry?
17
Q

what ARTERIES DO WE PALPATE?

A
  • CAROTID
  • BRACHIAL
  • RADIAL
  • FEMORAL
  • POPLITEAL
  • DORSALIS PEDIS
  • POSTERIOR TIBIAL
18
Q

what is the AMPLITUDE SCALE?

A

0 absent; not palpable
1; diminished; barely palpable
2; expected
3; full, increased
4; bounding, aneurysmal

19
Q

which arteries do we PALPATE FOR BRUITS?

A
  • CAROTID
  • SUBCLAVIAN
  • ABDOMINAL AORTA
  • RENAL
  • ILIAC
  • FEMORAL
20
Q

definition of PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE

A

a chronic condition that occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the legs or arms narrow or become blocked due to the STENOSIS OF THE BLOOD SUPPLY
- having tiny clots within the system

21
Q

what aspects do PAD affect?

A
  • SITE
  • DEGREE OF NARROWING
  • the RAPIDITY of which the problem develops
22
Q

venous insufficiency

A

the IMPROPER FUNCTIONING of the ONE-WAY VALVES in the VEINS

23
Q

arterial insufficiency

A

having POOR BLOOD CIRCULATION to the lower EXTREMITIES due to ATHEROSCLEROSIS

24
Q

symptoms of ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY

A
  • cool to the touch
  • often having DRY, SVALY SKIN
  • DANGLING LEGS = RUBOR
  • ELEVATING LEGS = PALE
    **DR. EP
  • has SHARP STABBING PAIN that worsens with activity
  • often having absent or diminished pulse
  • INFREQUENT EDEMA
25
Q

symptoms of VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY

A
  • warm to the touch
  • having THICKENED/MOTTLED/PIGMENTED SKIN
  • aching and cramping pain that BENEFITS FROM ACTIVITY
  • present pulse
  • FREQUENT EDEMA
26
Q

varicose veins

A
  • dilated and engorged
  • has a DIMINISHED RATE OF BLOOD FLOW & increased INTRAVENOUS PRESSURE
  • often due to an incompetence of a VESSEL WALL OR VALVES
  • can be also caused by OBSTRUCTION in a more proximal vein
27
Q

what is the pain associated with PAD

A

known as CLAUDICATION PAIN
- having MUSCLE ISCHEMIA with DECREASED BLOOD FLOW
- having dull aching and muscle fatigue
- gets better with rest; often worsens with activity

28
Q

who is at risk for PAD? (7)

A
  • patients with ATHEROSCLEROTIC CORONARY, CAROTID, or RENAL ARTERY Dx
  • smoking/smoking Hx
  • diabetic pt
  • obesity
  • HTN
  • HIGH CHOLESTEROL
  • Family Hx of PAD, STROKE, Heart disease
29
Q

arterial embolic disease

A

emboli that are dispersed throughout the arterial system

30
Q

venous thrombosis

A

sudden or gradual depending on symptoms;
can be the result of TRAUMA or PROLONGED IMMBOLIZATION
- blood clots within the veins

31
Q

DVT

A
  • when a BLOOD CLOT (thrombus) forms within the DEEP VEIN
  • often occurs within the LOWER EXTREMITIES
32
Q

s/s of DVT

A
  • leg pain
  • swelling
  • warmth
33
Q

who is at RISK FOR DVT? what is the TREATMENT?

A

RISK;
- pt’s who are immobile
- blood clotting disorder
- oral contraceptives
- obesity
- smoking

TREATMENT;
- anticoagulants
- compression stockings

NURS 210 (11 decks)

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