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Health Assessment > Skin, hair, and nails > Flashcards

Skin, hair, and nails Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

Avascular

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2
Q

Dermis

A

inner
made up of collagen

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3
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Adipose
thermo-regulation and protection

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4
Q

vellus hair

A

covers the majority of the body
fine/ faint

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5
Q

Terminal hair

A

thick hair covering scalp/ eyebrows

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6
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

assist in prevention of water loss from skin

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7
Q

Sweat glands

A

Eccrine & Apocrine

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8
Q

Eccrine sweat gland

A

sweat/ dilute saline

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9
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A

body odor, secrete fluid & open at hair follicle

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10
Q

Nails

A

plates of keratin
- longitudinal ridges
- pink bc of vascular epithelium below

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11
Q

Lunula

A

white semi-lunar, opaque area of proximal aspect of the nail

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12
Q

Cuticle

A

covering of the nail matrix

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13
Q

skin function

A

protection
sensation
thermo reg
absorption

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14
Q

Skin tear

A

superficial

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15
Q

Laceration

A

deep, requires stitches

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16
Q

Senile Purpura

A

so-called areas of dark red discoloration
associated with minor trauma in the elderly

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17
Q

Older adults skin related changes

A

decreased:
elasticity
hydration
secretions
thermo reg

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18
Q

what SPF to prevent skin cancer?

A

30

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19
Q

Pruritis

A

itching

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20
Q

Alopecia

A

impressive amount of hair loss
- genetics
- meds

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21
Q

Hirsutism

A

excessive hair
- PCOS
- Tumors

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22
Q

Jaundice

A

yellow skin & sclera appearance

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23
Q

jaundice is caused by ..

A

bilirubin build up

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24
Q

pathologic causes of jaundice

A

hepatic disease: cirrhosis, hepatitis

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25
Q

jaundice is a normal finding in…

A

new borns

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26
Q

Normal nevus appearance

A

tan- brown larger than back of a pencil eraser cap

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27
Q

ABCDEF !!!

A

Asymmetry
Boarder irregularity
Color variation
Diameter (6mm +)
Elevation
Funny looking

28
Q

Duckling sign

A

sign for melanoma
- most regular moles all look similar to one another melanoma is the “ugly duckling”

29
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome

A

hyperthermia associated with hyperthyroidism

30
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Excessive sweating
- cool/ clammy

31
Q

what is diaphoresis associated with

A

pain
anxiety
MI

32
Q

Anasarca

A

Generalized edema/ swelling

33
Q

Scleroderma

A

“hard skin” associated with chronic connective tissue disorder

34
Q

Cherry angiomas

A

bright red colored dots slightly raised and smooth
- normal finding age 30+

35
Q

Contusion

36
Q

Papule

A

lesion that can be felt
superficial/ thick
Wart/ Verruca

37
Q

Patch

A

macule within 1cm+
- vitiligo

38
Q

Macule

A

flat circumscribed less than 1cm strictly a color change

39
Q

Nodule

A

greater than 1cm +, solid elevated. Extend deeper.
Xanthoma

40
Q

Wheal

A

irregularly shaped, edema, superficial, transparent, red and raised
-mosquito bite

41
Q

Plaque

A

papule with a surface elevation greater than 1 cm+ in width
- psoriasis

42
Q

Tumor

A

a few cm+, soft or form, benign or malignant

43
Q

Urticaria

A

hives, pruritic reaction.
Wheals coming together

44
Q

Bulla

A

cavity of free fluid 1cm+ rupture with ease
- Burn/ contact dermatitis

45
Q

Vesicle

A

cavity of free fluid up to 1 cm or less
- blister

46
Q

Cyst

A

fluid-filled cavity enclosed capsule within dermis or Sub Q

47
Q

Pustule

A

cavity containing pus that is elevated and circumscribed

48
Q

pus

A

turbid fluid

49
Q

Secondary lesions

A

evolution of primary lesions over a period of time with a resultant change

50
Q

Ulcer

A

depression, irregular in shape. potential bleeding and can leave a scar

51
Q

Keloid

A

excess scar tissue outside original injury cite

52
Q

Excoriation

A

superficial abrasion
- scratch from impressive amount of itching
- insect bite

53
Q

Scar

A

repaired skin lesion with loss of normal tissue and collagen replacement

54
Q

How many stages of pressure injures are there?

55
Q

stage 1 pressure injury

A

non- blanchable erythema
- skin intact

56
Q

stage 2 pressure injury

A

partial- thickness, skin loss
- no visible fat/ deep tissue

57
Q

stage 3 pressure injury

A

full-thickness, skin loss
- in sub Q, fat/ granulation exposed

58
Q

stage 4 pressure injury

A

full-thickness skin/ tissue loss
- slough
- eschar
- tunneling
- all skin layers involved

59
Q

stage 5 pressure injury

A

unstageable

60
Q

Profile sign

A

Nail clubbing
- congenital heart disease, pulmonary patho, lung cancer

61
Q

capillary refill

A

good: brisk 1-2 sec
bad: sluggish 3+ seconds

62
Q

Lentigines (senile)

A

“liver spots”
older adults
not malignant needs no treatment

63
Q

Keratoses

A

raises areas of pigmentation that appear crusty, scaly, or so-called warty

64
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

“stuck on” appearance
NOT associated with cancer

65
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

reptile-like, red/tan & scaley
-plaques , elevated with rough edges

66
Q

what is actinic keratosis associated with

A

sun exposure
Pre- malignant –> squamous cell carcinoma

67
Q

Skin tags/ acrochordons

A

normal skin overgrowth
polyp like

Health Assessment (17 decks)

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