Pain Flashcards
Nociceptive
classic pain, injury, trauma
Neuropathic
nerve pain: pins and needles/ numbness
Fibromyalgia
Nociceptors
specialized nerve endings that detect painful stimuli
A fibers
myelinated and transmit pain signals to CNS
- localized, short term, sharp
C fibers
unmyelinated, slower transmission
- aching
Peripheral A&C fibers
enter spinal cord by posterior nerve roots within dorsal tract
Visceral
originates within large internal organs
- dull deep cramping
EX) Appendicitis
Somatic
originates in muscle, bone, tendon, ligament
- Throbbing/ aching
EX) broken bone
Cutaneous
associated with surface of the skin
Referred
felt in a location other than where it originates
acute pain lasts
less than 6 months
chronic pain lasts
more than 6 months
Mu receptors
opioid receptors
Tolerance
diminished response due to long term use
- more needed to ger therapeutic effect
temp norm
35.8-37.5 degrees C
calculation of CO
HR X SV = CO
Sinus arrythmia
one irregularity commonly found in children/ young adults
systolic pressure
Max pressure felt by an artery during left ventricular contraction/ Systole
Diastolic pressure
elastic recoil, or resting, pressure that blood exerts constantly between each contraction
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic
reflects SV
MAP
mean arterial pressure
- pressure forcing blood into the tissues averaged over cardiac cycle
CO
increased CO leads to increased BP
peripheral vascular resistance
increased leads to increased BP
what can increase peripheral vascular resistance
increased blood Viscosity, vasoconstriction. decreased vessel wall elasticity
viscosity
thickness of blood
what can lead to falsely high BP
taken after high activity
Narrow cuff
loose cuff
improper reinflation
what can lead to falsely low BP
decrease inflation
deflating cuff to quickly
how tight should BP cuff be
be able to fit 1-2 fingers under the cuff
early sign of hypoxia is
confusion/ altered mental status
who may be able to tolerate lower SPO2 saturation?
COPD
