Neurologic Flashcards
CNS
brain and spinal cord
PNS
12 cranial nerves, 31 spinal nerves and branches
cerebral cortex
cerebrum outer layer of nerves
- thought, memory, reasoning, sensation, and voluntary movement
Frontal lobe functions
personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function
parietal lobe functions
postcentral gyrus is the genter for sensations
occipital lobe functions
primary visual reception center
temporal lobe functions
behind the ear, primary auditory reception center, taste, and smell
Wernicke’s area
associated with understanding language
- Temporal lobe
Broca’s area
associated with motor speech mediation
- Frontal lobe
basal ganglia
gray matter in 2 cerebral hemispheres associated with motor system
thalamus
the main relay station of sensory pathways of the spinal cord, cerebellum, and brainstem that forms synapses
Hypothalamus
control and coordination
homeostasis
cerebellum
motor coordination and muscle tone of voluntary movements
brainstem
centered core of the brain- contains midbrain, pons, and medulla
spinal cord
pathway for ascending and descending fiber tracts that connect to the brain and spinal nerves
deep tendon reflex
knee jerk
superficial/ cutaneous reflex
plantar reflex
Visceral/ organic reflex
pupillary response
simple partial seizure
no outward signs
classic/ Tonic Clonic seizure
aggressive shake
Status epilepticus seizure
continuous reputation 5+ mins
Aura
people feeling onset of a seizure
post ictal state
daze after seizure
components of neurological exam
mental status
cranial nerves
motor system
sensory system
reflexes
evaluation of Ataxia
finger to nose test
Rapid alternating movements
heel to shin
balance/ gait test
Romberg test
Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) test
dull or sharp sensation with out being able to see the object
Stereognosis
with patients eyes closed place an object like a key and have them ID it
Graphesthesia
ability to “read” a number or letter traced onto the palm
grading of deep tendon reflexes
0-5
0: lack of response
1+: diminished
2+: normal, average
3+: above average
4+: impressive/ brisk
what is a normal rating for deep tendon reflex?
2+
Babinskis sign
plantar flexion: fanning of the toes with dorsiflexion of greater toe
- NORMAL: in infancy
- ABNORMAL: in adults
Complete neurologic exam components
mental status
cranial nerves
motor function
sensory function
reflexes
