Abdomen Flashcards
Peritoneum
double layer system of serous membrane covering abdominal organs
Solid Viscera organs
adrenal glands
liver
ovaries
pancreas
spleen
uterus
hollow viscera organs
bladder
colon
gallbladder
small intestine
when are hollow viscera organs palpable?
only in the setting of pressure or inflammation
-typically not palpable
costovertebral angle
near the kidneys
- 12th posterior rib
test used for pyelonephritis
lower UTI
bladder and below
upper UTI
Pyelonephritis
above the bladder
what type of UTI is harder to treat?
upper UTI
LUQ organs
kidney (L)
Liver (left lobe)
Pancreas (Body)
Stomach
Colon (descending/ transverse)
If spleen is damaged/ post mono you can not….
play contact sports for 2 months
RUQ organs
Colon (ascending/ transverse)
Duodenum
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreas (head)
what quadrant is the majority of the liver in?
RUQ
what quadrant is the majority of the stomach in?
LUQ
What quadrant is slightly more tender than the others?
LLQ
LLQ organs
ovary/tube
ureter
descending colon
Sigmoid colon
RLQ organs
Appendix
cecum
ovary
ureter
age related changes in older adults
constipation
decreased peristalsis
dehydration
bowel obstruction
decreased activity
more meds
low fiber
hypothyroidism
what is a normal stool pattern?
varies from patient to patient
- at least 3 per week
symptoms to evaluate for bowel movement
strain
stool consistency
feeling (incomplete evacuation)
acute high or low sodium can cause ….?
seizures
high or low potassium may cause..?
heart arrhythmias or heart attacks
visceral pain descriptors
dull, general
parietal pain descriptors
sharp, localized
referred pain
pain felt somewhere other than the source
example of visceral pain
menstrual cramps
gallstones
pancreatitis
(organs)
hematemesis
bloody vomit
what can be the cause of hematemesis ?
GI ulcers
Melena
coffee ground stool, tarry, Occult blood
Gray stool
hepatitis
Bright red blood per rectum
lower GI bleed / hemorrhoids
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
pyrosis
heartburn
what med group can cause peptic ulcers/ GI issues?
NSAIDS
Absent bowel sounds over 5 mins is ?
a medical emergency
what is the order for abdominal exam
IAPP
inspection
auscultation
percussion
palpation
scaphoid stomach
concave/ sunken
protuberant
bulging or rounded
- obesity
- pathology
stomach descriptors
flat
scaphoid
rounded
protuberant
Hernia
protrusion of bowel through muscle wall
Striae
broken elastic fibers of the skin
associated with weight gain, pregnancy, Cushing syndrome
- stretch marks
Borborygmus
HYPERactive bowel sounds
what is normal bowel sounds frequency?
5-30/min
normal sounding bowels?
gurgling
high pitched
irregular
cascading
how do you check accuracy of NG tube placement?
X-ray
pH
Normal sound of percussion on the abdomen
tympany
what direction will you percuss?
clockwise
light palpation depresses..
1 cm
acute involuntary rigidity of the stomach can be associated with
peritonitis
surgical emergency
deep palpation depresses…
5-8 cm
what technique is used for deep palpation?
bimanual technique
the sigmoid colon is where and associated with what?
LLQ
mild tenderness
mass evaluation
consistency
location
mobility
pulsatility
shape/ size
tenderness
Liver description
firm regular ridge, may not be palpable in a healthy adult
Spleen evaluation
NOT palpable in a healthy patient
- use “ duck bill: position to evaluate
