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NURS 366 > Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

where is vitamin D3 synthesized?

A

epidermis

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2
Q

What layer of skin is fat stored in?

A

dermis

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3
Q

What are petechiae?

A

Pinpoint, tiny, and sharp circumscribed spots in the superficial layers of the epidermis

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4
Q

What are common primary lesions for pediatric patients?

A

macules, papules, and vesicles

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5
Q

What causes a secondary lesion?

A

rubbing, scratching, medication, or involution and healing

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6
Q

What do the words discrete, clustered, diffuse, or confluent refer to?

A

configuration and arrangement of skin lesions

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7
Q

What are 5 reasons that skin lesions can occur?

A

contact with injurious agents, hereditary factors, external factors, systemic diseases, age related

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8
Q

What are age-related skin lesions for infants?

A

birthmarks, diaper dermatitis

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9
Q

What are age-related skin lesions for early childhood?

A

atopic dermatitis and viral illness

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10
Q

What is a common age-related skin lesion for school-age children?

A

ringworm

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11
Q

What are age-related skin lesions for adolescents?

A

acne and contact dermatitis

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12
Q

What are two types of bacterial infections?

A

impetigo contagiosa and cellulitis

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13
Q

4 common viral infections

A

Communicable viral diseases of childhood
Warts
HSV
Molluscum contagiosum

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14
Q

Two common types of fungal infections

A

Tinea (capitis, corporis, pedis)
Candidiasis

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15
Q

What kind of infection is impetigo contagiosa?

A

staphylococcus infection

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16
Q

What is a classic sign of bacterial impetigo contagiosa?

A

honey colored crusts

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17
Q

Where are impetigo lesions normally found?

A

around the mouth and nose

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18
Q

Who typically contracts impetigo?

A

preschoolers and toddlers

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19
Q

How can impetigo be treated?

A

topical antibiotics or oral antibiotics if it is severe

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20
Q

Why are small children more susceptible to impetigo?

A

they more often pick and have their hands around their face

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21
Q

What is bacterial cellulitis?

A

Inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissues with intense redness, swelling, and firm infiltration

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22
Q

What organisms cause cellulitis?

A

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilis influenzae

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23
Q

How can cellulitis be treated?

A

oral/IV antibiotics, warm, moist compress to the area, and/or a penrose drain

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24
Q

What may facial cellulitis be associated with?

A

otitis media

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25
What are warts?
Well-circumscribed, gray or brown, elevated, firm papules with a roughened, finely papillomatous texture
26
What organism causes warts?
HPV
27
What age group are warts common in?
children
28
What is HSV?
cold sore, fever blister (type 1); genital (type 2)
29
When do HSV blisters typically resolove?
about 8-10 days
30
What is a treatment to shorten the duration/severity of lesions caused by HSV?
oral and topical antivirals
31
Where is HSV typically found?
near mucocutaneous junctions
32
What causes molluscum contagiosum?
poxvirus
33
What does molluscum contagiosum look like?
small pearly, flesh-colored papules, 2-5mm
34
When is molluscum contagiosum common?
In childhood
35
What are some treatments for molluscum contagiosum?
Cryotherapy Topical creams or ointments Laser therapy Curettage Cimetidine
36
What may be the best treatment for molluscum contagiosum?
Leaving the lesions alone
37
How quickly do fungal infections multiply?
At the same rate as keratin
38
How can fungal infections be transmitted?
human to human or animal to human
39
Where are fungal infections confined to?
the dead keratin layers
40
How can a fungal infection be diagnosed?
clincal, scraping exam, KOH, fungal culture
41
What does tinea capitis present with?
Lesion on scalp, may extend to hairline and neck Characteristic scaly patches of alopecia with itching
42
What type of infection is tinea capitis?
fungal
43
How can tinea capitis be treated?
griseofulvin, selenium sulfide shampoo, topical antifungal
44
What kind of plaques are present with tinea capitis?
Boggy edematous painful plaque called a kerion
45
How is griseofulvin best absorbed?
with fatty foods
46
What is tinea corporis?
ringworm
47
What does ringworm present with?
round, scaly patch of rough erythema
48
How can tinea corpis be treated?
griseofulvin and/or topical antifungal
49
What is contact dermatitis?
Inflammatory reaction of skin to chemical agent Allergic and irritant Perfumes, jewelry, plants, animals, and more
50
What are examples of contact dermatitis?
diaper dermatitis, reaction to wool, reaction to plants
51
How can contact dermatitis be treated?
topical corticosteroids or oral for more severe cases Cold compresses Calamine lotion Lotion, ointment Avoid irritating agent
52
What is scabies caused by?
scabies mite as female burrows into stratus corneum of epidermis to deposit eggs and feces
53
When does inflammation typically occur with scabies?
30-60 days after infestation
54
What does scabies present with?
minute grayish, brown, threadlike, pruritic lesions
55
Where does scabies typically manifest in children <2? >2?
Children >2 years – primarily hands and wrists Children <2 years – primarily feet and ankles
56
How is scabies treated?
topical scabicides, permethrin 5% cream
57
How does laundry need to be done if someone was diagnosed with scabies? Why?
Hot water laundry, dry clean, bag for 72 hours. Generally don’t survive past 2-3 days off the skin.
58
What is pediculosis capitis?
head lice
59
How long can adult louse live with no human host?
48 hours
60
How long does it take for nits to hatch once they are laid?
7-10 days
61
Where is head lice typically found?
occipital, behind ears, and nape of neck
62
What is the treatment and management of pediculosis capitis?
Pediculicide and manual removal of nits Permetherine 1% cream rinse (Nix) Second treatment 7-10 days after first
63
Do children have to stay home if they get head lice?
No. They can go to school
64
What kind of isolation is required in the hospital for a patient with head lice?
contact isolation, bunny suit, hair net and shoe coverings
65
How should laundry be done if a patient has head lice?
hot water, dry cleaning, bag for 2 weeks, vacuum
66
Which bites/stings will inject deadly venom into the human?
scorpions and two spiders (brown recluse and black widow)
67
How quickly do bee stingers need to be removed?
ASAP
68
What is the most common tickborne disorder in the US?
lyme disease
69
What does Lyme disease present with?
causes a red donut shaped or bull's eye rash- annular erythema
70
Where do ticks typically live?
in wooded areas
71
What causes rocky mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia rickettsii
72
How long do ticks need to be attached to transmit rocky mountain spotted fever?
1-2 hours
73
What causes lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
74
What is the treatment for lyme disease, based on age?
Children older than 8 years, oral doxycycline; children younger than 8 years, oral amoxicillin
75
What are common irritants that cause irritant diaper dermatitis?
urine and feces
76
Where does irritant diaper dermatitis normally involve?
Convex surfaces Buttocks Genitalia Lower abdomen Upper thighs
77
What is the treatment for fungal diaper dermatitis?
Nystatin cream or other topical antifungal
78
What is atopic dermatitis?
eczema
79
What is eczema commonly associated with?
Asthma Allergic rhinitis Food allergies Family history
80
Where are the common sites for eczema?
Antecubital Popliteal Scalp Face Cheeks Extensor surfaces
81
What is the therapeutic management of eczema?
Controlled but not cured Hydrate the skin Lotions and emollients Relieve pruritus Reduce flare-ups or inflammation Eliminate potential irritants Topical steroids Prevent and control secondary infection May have remissions and exacerbations Dietary modifications
82
Where does seborrheic dermatitis typically occur?
on the scalp
83
What is seborrheic dermatitis?
cradle cap
84
What is the cause of seborrheic dermatitis?
Exact cause unknown, seen more in infancy when sebum production is increased
85
What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?
Hygiene Soak and remove crusts Antiseborrheic shampoo (sulfur and salicylic acid)

NURS 366 (29 decks)

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