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NURS 366 > Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

where is vitamin D3 synthesized?

A

epidermis

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2
Q

What layer of skin is fat stored in?

A

dermis

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3
Q

What are petechiae?

A

Pinpoint, tiny, and sharp circumscribed spots in the superficial layers of the epidermis

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4
Q

What are common primary lesions for pediatric patients?

A

macules, papules, and vesicles

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5
Q

What causes a secondary lesion?

A

rubbing, scratching, medication, or involution and healing

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6
Q

What do the words discrete, clustered, diffuse, or confluent refer to?

A

configuration and arrangement of skin lesions

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7
Q

What are 5 reasons that skin lesions can occur?

A

contact with injurious agents, hereditary factors, external factors, systemic diseases, age related

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8
Q

What are age-related skin lesions for infants?

A

birthmarks, diaper dermatitis

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9
Q

What are age-related skin lesions for early childhood?

A

atopic dermatitis and viral illness

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10
Q

What is a common age-related skin lesion for school-age children?

A

ringworm

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11
Q

What are age-related skin lesions for adolescents?

A

acne and contact dermatitis

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12
Q

What are two types of bacterial infections?

A

impetigo contagiosa and cellulitis

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13
Q

4 common viral infections

A

Communicable viral diseases of childhood
Warts
HSV
Molluscum contagiosum

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14
Q

Two common types of fungal infections

A

Tinea (capitis, corporis, pedis)
Candidiasis

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15
Q

What kind of infection is impetigo contagiosa?

A

staphylococcus infection

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16
Q

What is a classic sign of bacterial impetigo contagiosa?

A

honey colored crusts

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17
Q

Where are impetigo lesions normally found?

A

around the mouth and nose

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18
Q

Who typically contracts impetigo?

A

preschoolers and toddlers

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19
Q

How can impetigo be treated?

A

topical antibiotics or oral antibiotics if it is severe

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20
Q

Why are small children more susceptible to impetigo?

A

they more often pick and have their hands around their face

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21
Q

What is bacterial cellulitis?

A

Inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissues with intense redness, swelling, and firm infiltration

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22
Q

What organisms cause cellulitis?

A

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilis influenzae

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23
Q

How can cellulitis be treated?

A

oral/IV antibiotics, warm, moist compress to the area, and/or a penrose drain

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24
Q

What may facial cellulitis be associated with?

A

otitis media

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25
Q

What are warts?

A

Well-circumscribed, gray or brown, elevated, firm papules with a roughened, finely papillomatous texture

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26
Q

What organism causes warts?

A

HPV

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27
Q

What age group are warts common in?

A

children

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28
Q

What is HSV?

A

cold sore, fever blister (type 1); genital (type 2)

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29
Q

When do HSV blisters typically resolove?

A

about 8-10 days

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30
Q

What is a treatment to shorten the duration/severity of lesions caused by HSV?

A

oral and topical antivirals

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31
Q

Where is HSV typically found?

A

near mucocutaneous junctions

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32
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

poxvirus

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33
Q

What does molluscum contagiosum look like?

A

small pearly, flesh-colored papules, 2-5mm

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34
Q

When is molluscum contagiosum common?

A

In childhood

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35
Q

What are some treatments for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Cryotherapy
Topical creams or ointments
Laser therapy
Curettage
Cimetidine

36
Q

What may be the best treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Leaving the lesions alone

37
Q

How quickly do fungal infections multiply?

A

At the same rate as keratin

38
Q

How can fungal infections be transmitted?

A

human to human or animal to human

39
Q

Where are fungal infections confined to?

A

the dead keratin layers

40
Q

How can a fungal infection be diagnosed?

A

clincal, scraping exam, KOH, fungal culture

41
Q

What does tinea capitis present with?

A

Lesion on scalp, may extend to hairline and neck
Characteristic scaly patches of alopecia with itching

42
Q

What type of infection is tinea capitis?

A

fungal

43
Q

How can tinea capitis be treated?

A

griseofulvin, selenium sulfide shampoo, topical antifungal

44
Q

What kind of plaques are present with tinea capitis?

A

Boggy edematous painful plaque called a kerion

45
Q

How is griseofulvin best absorbed?

A

with fatty foods

46
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A

ringworm

47
Q

What does ringworm present with?

A

round, scaly patch of rough erythema

48
Q

How can tinea corpis be treated?

A

griseofulvin and/or topical antifungal

49
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

Inflammatory reaction of skin to chemical agent
Allergic and irritant
Perfumes, jewelry, plants, animals, and more

50
Q

What are examples of contact dermatitis?

A

diaper dermatitis, reaction to wool, reaction to plants

51
Q

How can contact dermatitis be treated?

A

topical corticosteroids or oral for more severe cases
Cold compresses
Calamine lotion
Lotion, ointment
Avoid irritating agent

52
Q

What is scabies caused by?

A

scabies mite as female burrows into stratus corneum of epidermis to deposit eggs and feces

53
Q

When does inflammation typically occur with scabies?

A

30-60 days after infestation

54
Q

What does scabies present with?

A

minute grayish, brown, threadlike, pruritic lesions

55
Q

Where does scabies typically manifest in children <2? >2?

A

Children >2 years – primarily hands and wrists
Children <2 years – primarily feet and ankles

56
Q

How is scabies treated?

A

topical scabicides, permethrin 5% cream

57
Q

How does laundry need to be done if someone was diagnosed with scabies? Why?

A

Hot water laundry, dry clean, bag for 72 hours. Generally don’t survive past 2-3 days off the skin.

58
Q

What is pediculosis capitis?

A

head lice

59
Q

How long can adult louse live with no human host?

A

48 hours

60
Q

How long does it take for nits to hatch once they are laid?

A

7-10 days

61
Q

Where is head lice typically found?

A

occipital, behind ears, and nape of neck

62
Q

What is the treatment and management of pediculosis capitis?

A

Pediculicide and manual removal of nits
Permetherine 1% cream rinse (Nix)
Second treatment 7-10 days after first

63
Q

Do children have to stay home if they get head lice?

A

No. They can go to school

64
Q

What kind of isolation is required in the hospital for a patient with head lice?

A

contact isolation, bunny suit, hair net and shoe coverings

65
Q

How should laundry be done if a patient has head lice?

A

hot water, dry cleaning, bag for 2 weeks, vacuum

66
Q

Which bites/stings will inject deadly venom into the human?

A

scorpions and two spiders (brown recluse and black widow)

67
Q

How quickly do bee stingers need to be removed?

A

ASAP

68
Q

What is the most common tickborne disorder in the US?

A

lyme disease

69
Q

What does Lyme disease present with?

A

causes a red donut shaped or bull’s eye rash- annular erythema

70
Q

Where do ticks typically live?

A

in wooded areas

71
Q

What causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

72
Q

How long do ticks need to be attached to transmit rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

1-2 hours

73
Q

What causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

74
Q

What is the treatment for lyme disease, based on age?

A

Children older than 8 years, oral doxycycline; children younger than 8 years, oral amoxicillin

75
Q

What are common irritants that cause irritant diaper dermatitis?

A

urine and feces

76
Q

Where does irritant diaper dermatitis normally involve?

A

Convex surfaces
Buttocks
Genitalia
Lower abdomen
Upper thighs

77
Q

What is the treatment for fungal diaper dermatitis?

A

Nystatin cream or other topical antifungal

78
Q

What is atopic dermatitis?

A

eczema

79
Q

What is eczema commonly associated with?

A

Asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Food allergies
Family history

80
Q

Where are the common sites for eczema?

A

Antecubital
Popliteal
Scalp
Face
Cheeks
Extensor surfaces

81
Q

What is the therapeutic management of eczema?

A

Controlled but not cured
Hydrate the skin
Lotions and emollients
Relieve pruritus
Reduce flare-ups or inflammation
Eliminate potential irritants
Topical steroids
Prevent and control secondary infection

May have remissions and exacerbations
Dietary modifications

82
Q

Where does seborrheic dermatitis typically occur?

A

on the scalp

83
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

cradle cap

84
Q

What is the cause of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Exact cause unknown, seen more in infancy when sebum production is increased

85
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Hygiene
Soak and remove crusts
Antiseborrheic shampoo (sulfur and salicylic acid)

NURS 366 (29 decks)

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