Respiratory Distress In Children

Question 1

Most common cause of acute illness in children

Answer 1

Respiratory infection

Question 2

Which age range of children will have the most severe reaction to a respiratory illness ?

Answer 2

<3 years old

Question 3

Factors that influence severity of respiratory illness in children

Answer 3

Size/age of child, infectious agent, season, resistance, living conditions, preexisting conditions

Question 4

Where do respiratory illnesses usually target?

Answer 4

Upper respiratory tract

Question 5

What kind of breathing do infants do?

Answer 5

Periodic breathing

Question 6

Types of adventitious sounds

Answer 6

Rhonchi, wheezes, crackles, rales

Question 7

3 things to promote in children with respiratory problems

Answer 7

Rest, comfort, hydration

Question 8

What is acute viral nasopharyngitis?

Answer 8

Common cold

Question 9

Causes of the common cold (viruses)

Answer 9

Rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, enteroviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza

Question 10

When can ibuprofen be given to an infant (age)?

Answer 10

> 6 months

Question 11

How would you diagnose acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)?

Answer 11

Nasopharyngeal swab (rtpcr)

Question 12

What viruses cause influenza?

Answer 12

Orthomyxoviruses (types A, b, and c)

Question 13

How is the flu diagnosed?

Answer 13

Nasopharyngealswab (rtpcr)

Question 14

How many viruses are tested in a RTPCR test?

Answer 14

~20

Question 15

What is a medical emergency that presents with an absence of spontaneous cough, high fever and toxic appearance, dysphagia, drooling, and agitation?

Answer 15

Acute epiglottitis

Question 16

Which illness will normally present with a sudden onset of fever and chills?

Answer 16

Influenza

Question 17

What cause acute epiglottitis?

Answer 17

Bacterial infection

Question 18

How can acute epiglottitis be treated?

Answer 18

HIB vaccine

Question 19

What is the most common croup syndrome?

Answer 19

Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 20

Who is most commonly affected by acute laryngotracherobronchitis?

Answer 20

Young children between 6 months and 3 years

Question 21

Most common causes of croup

Answer 21

Parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, influenza A and B, adenovirus, and measles

Question 22

Common symptoms of croup

Answer 22

Hoarseness, brass, barky cough, inspiratory strider, respiratory distress

Question 23

Why is acute epiglottitis a medical emergency?

Answer 23

Puts the patient at risk for losing his/her airway

Question 24

What is a complication of acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 24

Bacterial tracheitis

Question 25

What is another term for acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 25

Croup

Question 26

What type of infection are bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, tb, and RSV categorized as?

Answer 26

Lower respiratory tract infections

Question 27

Common symptoms of bronchitis

Answer 27

Dry packing with a non-productive cough that gets worse at night

Question 28

What infections account for the most frequent causes of hospitalization in children younger than 1 year?

Answer 28

Bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus

Question 29

By what age have most children already had RSV?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

Symptoms of bronchiolitis and RSV

Answer 30

Sneezing, wheezing, tachyphea, apnea, poor air exchange, coughing, pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, cyanosis

Question 31

What can be given to high risk patients to prevent RSV?

Answer 31

Synagis (monoclonal antibody given as an IM injection)

Question 32

What home care instructions would you provide to parents that have been given an RSV diagnosis for a 2 month old infant?

Answer 32

Encourage breastfeeding, observe infant for labored breathing or apnea, instill normal saline drops in both nares and suction before feeding and before placing to sleep

Question 33

What lower respiratory tract infection is characterized by inflammation of lobes of lungs?

Answer 33

Pneumonia

Question 34

What nursing care would you give to a patient with pneumonia?

Answer 34

Supplemental oxygen, antibiotics (depending on cause), fluids, rest, symptom management

Question 35

Can pneumonia be caused by something other than bacteria?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

Who is at high risk for aspiration of foreign objects or substances?

Answer 36

Children with comorbidities

Question 37

What is the most common chronic disease in childhood?

Answer 37

Asthma

Question 38

What are the categories of asthma?

Answer 38

Intermittent, mild, moderate, severe (persistent)

Question 39

What is the strongest epidemiological risk factor for chronic asthma morbidity and mortality?

Answer 39

Allergies

Question 40

What can recurrent pneumonia and/or sinusitis be a symptom of?

Answer 40

Chronic asthma

Question 41

If the therapy for the medical emergency is improving ventilation, decreasing airway resistance, relieving bronchospasm, correcting dehydration and acidosis, and treating any concurrent infection, what is the medical emergency?

Answer 41

Status asthmaticus

Question 42

Most common reason that children code

Answer 42

Respiratory failure

Question 43

Beta agonist therapy for asthma

Answer 43

Albuterol

Question 44

What type of treatment can help with croup symptoms and exacerbate asthma symptoms?

Answer 44

Cold air

Question 45

Why should a spacer be used in coordination with an inhaler?

Answer 45

To help the medication reach the lungs

Question 46

Where is the dysfunction in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

Answer 46

Exocrine glands

Question 47

How does someone get cystic fibrosis?

Answer 47

Hereditary- autosomal recessive trait

Question 48

How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?

Answer 48

Sweat electrolyte test

Question 49

What are some clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 49

Meconium ileum, GI issues (fatty and foul-smelling stools/absence of pancreatic enzymes), pulmonary/ chronic respiratory problems (wheezing, clubbing of fingernails/toenails, thick, tenacious secretions),taste salty when kissed

Question 50

What is the median survival age of someone with cystic fibrosis?

Answer 50

37 years old