Adult Skin

Question 1

Where is vitamin D synthesized?

Answer 1

epidermis

Question 2

Where is fat stored?

Answer 2

dermis

Question 3

Common skin changes due to aging

Answer 3

Injuries and infection are more common, immune system sensitivity is decreased, muscles and bones are weaker, sensitivity to sun exposure increases, the skin becomes dry and often scaly, hair thins and changes color, sagging and wrinkling of the skin, skin repairs slowly

Question 4

If someone is jaundiced, what organ is having issues?

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

What causes pallor?

Answer 5

anemia

Question 6

What causes cyanosis?

Answer 6

respiratory issues

Question 7

What causes delayed wound healing?

Answer 7

aging and diabetes

Question 8

What can cause pruritis?

Answer 8

Drugs
Insects
Dry skin
Disease
Detergent on clothes or linen.

Question 9

How is pruritis treated?

Answer 9

itch/scratch cycle must be broken
avoid heat/rubbing, keep skin moist
topical creams/medications can be used
systemic antihistamines

Question 10

Is dermatitis contagious?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

What can dermatitis lead to?

Answer 11

cellulitis

Question 12

What can be used to treat dermatitis?

Answer 12

corticosteroid creams, wet compresses, avoiding irritants

Question 13

Where does cellulitis occur?

Answer 13

subcutaneous tissues

Question 14

What causes cellulitis?

Answer 14

enzymes produced by bacteria

Question 15

What are the normal causative agents of cellultis?

Answer 15

s. aureus and streptococci

Question 16

How can cellulitis be treated?

Answer 16

Moist heat
Immobilization and elevation
Systemic antibiotic therapy
Hospitalization if severe
Progression to gangrene
Amputation if severe

Question 17

What is psoriasis?

Answer 17

an autoimmune disease where the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells

Question 18

Where does psoriasis occur?

Answer 18

any part of the body

Question 19

What other health issues is psoriasis associated with?

Answer 19

diabetes, heart disease, and depression

Question 20

What does psoriasis look like?

Answer 20

bright red areas of raised patches (plaques) on the skin, often covered with loose, silvery scales

Question 21

How is psoriasis treated?

Answer 21

focusing on controlling the symptoms
Reduce inflammation
Suppress rapid turnover of epidermal cells
Topical corticosteroids
Artificial UVB light (phototherapy)

Question 22

Why can phototherapy be used to treat psoriasis?

Answer 22

it slows the growth of skin cells

Question 23

Why does psoriatic arthritis occur?

Answer 23

Cytokines get turned on and overproduce. That overproduction of cytokines causes inflammation, and can be felt as joint pain in psoriatic arthritis

Question 24

How is psoriatic arthritis treated?

Answer 24

treatments can help manage condition but there is no cure

Question 25

What is acne?

Answer 25

inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands

Question 26

When do acne flares typically occur?

Answer 26

before menses, with use of corticosteroids, and birth control pills

Question 27

What is the treatment of acne?

Answer 27

extractions, topical creams, systemic antibiotics, and accutane (which is a form of Vitamin A)

Question 28

What drugs may cause photosensitivity?

Answer 28

anticancer drugs (methrotrexate) antidepressants: (elavil) antidysrhythmics: (amiodarone) antihistamines: (benadryl) diuretics: (lasix, HCTZ) hypoglycemics: (glipizide) NSAIDS: (voltaren)

Question 29

When is the sun the strongest?

Answer 29

1000-1400

Question 30

What SPF should daily sunscreen be?

Answer 30

minimum of 30

Question 31

What is the most commonly diagnosed cancer?

Answer 31

skin cancer

Question 32

What should patients be taught for self-examination of the skin?

Answer 32

ABCDE rule of self-examination

Question 33

Where does 1/4 of melanoma occur?

Answer 33

in moles

Question 34

What is the best defense for skin cancer?

Answer 34

SPF 30 or higher and regular skin checks

Question 35

What are keloids?

Answer 35

Scar tissue continues to form after the skin healing process ends. They are more common in people of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent

Question 36

Where are skin tears most common?

Answer 36

upper extremities

Question 37

How do skin tears occur?

Answer 37

25% Wheelchair injuries 25% Bumping into objects 25% Transfer all falls 25% Other Tape removal Positioning

Question 38

How are skin tears treated?

Answer 38

Appropriate wound care and dressings Minimize tape use

Question 39

Why do pressure ulcers occur?

Answer 39

constant pressure against skin reduces blood supply of area and tissue dies

Question 40

Where do pressure ulcers typically occur?

Answer 40

bony prominences

Question 41

What stage pressure ulcer will have damage to muscle and bones and sometimes tendons and joints?

Answer 41

stage IV

Question 42

What does a stage I pressure ulcer look like?

Answer 42

Reddened area, "nonblanchable“, pressure ulcer starting to develop

Question 43

When would a pressure ulcer look like a crater and there is damage to the tissue below the skin?

Answer 43

stage III

Question 44

How can pressure ulcers be transmitted?

Answer 44

Wound care and dressings Reduce pressure to bony areas Improve nutrition and underlying conditions Keep skin clean and dry Good hygiene Educate patient, family, and health care providers

Question 45

What does herpes zoster present as?

Answer 45

Grouped vesicles Unilateral on truck, face, and lumbosacral areas Burning