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NURS 366 > Adult Skin > Flashcards

Adult Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Where is vitamin D synthesized?

A

epidermis

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2
Q

Where is fat stored?

A

dermis

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3
Q

Common skin changes due to aging

A

Injuries and infection are more common, immune system sensitivity is decreased, muscles and bones are weaker, sensitivity to sun exposure increases, the skin becomes dry and often scaly, hair thins and changes color, sagging and wrinkling of the skin, skin repairs slowly

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4
Q

If someone is jaundiced, what organ is having issues?

A

liver

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5
Q

What causes pallor?

A

anemia

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6
Q

What causes cyanosis?

A

respiratory issues

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7
Q

What causes delayed wound healing?

A

aging and diabetes

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8
Q

What can cause pruritis?

A

Drugs
Insects
Dry skin
Disease
Detergent on clothes or linen.

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9
Q

How is pruritis treated?

A

itch/scratch cycle must be broken
avoid heat/rubbing, keep skin moist
topical creams/medications can be used
systemic antihistamines

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10
Q

Is dermatitis contagious?

A

no

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11
Q

What can dermatitis lead to?

A

cellulitis

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12
Q

What can be used to treat dermatitis?

A

corticosteroid creams, wet compresses, avoiding irritants

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13
Q

Where does cellulitis occur?

A

subcutaneous tissues

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14
Q

What causes cellulitis?

A

enzymes produced by bacteria

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15
Q

What are the normal causative agents of cellultis?

A

s. aureus and streptococci

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16
Q

How can cellulitis be treated?

A

Moist heat
Immobilization and elevation
Systemic antibiotic therapy
Hospitalization if severe
Progression to gangrene
Amputation if severe

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17
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

an autoimmune disease where the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells

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18
Q

Where does psoriasis occur?

A

any part of the body

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19
Q

What other health issues is psoriasis associated with?

A

diabetes, heart disease, and depression

20
Q

What does psoriasis look like?

A

bright red areas of raised patches (plaques) on the skin, often covered with loose, silvery scales

21
Q

How is psoriasis treated?

A

focusing on controlling the symptoms
Reduce inflammation
Suppress rapid turnover of epidermal cells
Topical corticosteroids
Artificial UVB light (phototherapy)

22
Q

Why can phototherapy be used to treat psoriasis?

A

it slows the growth of skin cells

23
Q

Why does psoriatic arthritis occur?

A

Cytokines get turned on and overproduce. That overproduction of cytokines causes inflammation, and can be felt as joint pain in psoriatic arthritis

24
Q

How is psoriatic arthritis treated?

A

treatments can help manage condition but there is no cure

25
Q

What is acne?

A

inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands

26
Q

When do acne flares typically occur?

A

before menses, with use of corticosteroids, and birth control pills

27
Q

What is the treatment of acne?

A

extractions, topical creams, systemic antibiotics, and accutane (which is a form of Vitamin A)

28
Q

What drugs may cause photosensitivity?

A

anticancer drugs (methrotrexate)
antidepressants: (elavil)
antidysrhythmics: (amiodarone)
antihistamines: (benadryl)
diuretics: (lasix, HCTZ)
hypoglycemics: (glipizide)
NSAIDS: (voltaren)

29
Q

When is the sun the strongest?

A

1000-1400

30
Q

What SPF should daily sunscreen be?

A

minimum of 30

31
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed cancer?

A

skin cancer

32
Q

What should patients be taught for self-examination of the skin?

A

ABCDE rule of self-examination

33
Q

Where does 1/4 of melanoma occur?

A

in moles

34
Q

What is the best defense for skin cancer?

A

SPF 30 or higher and regular skin checks

35
Q

What are keloids?

A

Scar tissue continues to form after the skin healing process ends. They are more common in people of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent

36
Q

Where are skin tears most common?

A

upper extremities

37
Q

How do skin tears occur?

A

25% Wheelchair injuries
25% Bumping into objects
25% Transfer all falls
25% Other
Tape removal
Positioning

38
Q

How are skin tears treated?

A

Appropriate wound care and dressings
Minimize tape use

39
Q

Why do pressure ulcers occur?

A

constant pressure against skin reduces blood supply of area and tissue dies

40
Q

Where do pressure ulcers typically occur?

A

bony prominences

41
Q

What stage pressure ulcer will have damage to muscle and bones and sometimes tendons and joints?

A

stage IV

42
Q

What does a stage I pressure ulcer look like?

A

Reddened area, “nonblanchable“, pressure ulcer starting to develop

43
Q

When would a pressure ulcer look like a crater and there is damage to the tissue below the skin?

A

stage III

44
Q

How can pressure ulcers be transmitted?

A

Wound care and dressings
Reduce pressure to bony areas
Improve nutrition and underlying conditions
Keep skin clean and dry
Good hygiene
Educate patient, family, and health care providers

45
Q

What does herpes zoster present as?

A

Grouped vesicles
Unilateral on truck, face, and lumbosacral areas
Burning

NURS 366 (29 decks)

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