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NURS 366 > Childhood Immunizations > Flashcards

Childhood Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

How many vaccines are given between birth and adolescence?

A

16 vaccines

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2
Q

How many vaccines do children receive by 2 years of age?

A

14

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3
Q

How much money do vaccines save in health care costs?

A

$9.9 billion

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4
Q

How much money do vaccines save in indirect costs?

A

$33.4 billion

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5
Q

16 vaccines that are commonly administered during childhood

A

Chickenpox (varicella)
Diphtheria
Influenza
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hib
Measles
Mumps
Polio
Pneumococcal
Rotavirus
Rubella
Tetanus
Whooping cough (pertussis)
Meningococcal
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

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6
Q

What is the VFC program and who is eligible for the program?

A

Vaccines for Children, and it provides free vaccinations to children up until 18 years of age
A child 18 or younger must be one of the following to qualify:
American Indian or Alaska Native
Medicaid-eligible
Uninsured
Underinsured

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7
Q

Are schools or daycare centers regulated by the CDC or AAP for vaccine compliance?

A

no

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8
Q

What kind of information does the CDC provide in relation to vaccines?

A

Recommendation schedules and catch-up schedules
Education for parents and providers
Common questions about vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases
Vaccine Information Statements (VIS)

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9
Q

What are contraindications/precautions for all vaccines?

A

Anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine contraindicates further doses of that vaccine
Anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine constituent contraindicates the use of vaccines containing that substance
Moderate or severe illness with or without fever
Live virus vaccines in immunocompromised patients and patients with recent acquired passive immunity

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10
Q

What is the difference between a contraindication and a precaution?

A

A contraindication is considered as a condition in an individual that increases the risk for a serious adverse reaction (e.g. not administering a live virus vaccine to a severely immune compromised child) – straight from text.
A precaution is a condition in a recipient that might increase the risk for a serious adverse reaction or that might compromise the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity. A precaution may or may not prevent vaccine administration.

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11
Q

What are general common mild side effects of immunizations?

A

Soreness, redness, or swelling where shot was administered
Low grade fever
Fussiness, drowsiness, decreased appetite

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12
Q

When do side effects of vaccines often start?

A

Within hours to 1-2 days after vaccination

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13
Q

How should vaccine side effects be treated?

A

acetaminophen or ibuprofen
continued use of extremity

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14
Q

Who is responsible for reviewing risks/benefits of vaccines?

A

the provider

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15
Q

What part of the VIS is important to document in vaccine administration?

A

publication date

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16
Q

What should be recorded in the documentation following a vaccine administration?

A

Complete date of administration
Name of vaccine
Manufacturer and lot number of vaccine
Expiration date
Site and route of administration
Name and title of person administering vaccine
Informed consent
VIS information

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17
Q

Where should adverse reactions to vaccines be reported?

A

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System

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18
Q

A patient’s parent is worried about giving her child a vaccine because of the risk of mercury poisoning, how do you educate this patient?

A

mercury has been removed from all vaccines

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19
Q

What is the only disease that doesn’t exist outside of a laboratory?

A

smallpox

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20
Q

What percentage of herd immunity do some vaccines require?

A

up to 95%

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21
Q

What is hepatitis B?

A

a contagious liver disease

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22
Q

How can hepatitis B be spread?

A

contact with blood or bodily fluids of infected persons

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23
Q

How long can the Hepatitis B vaccine live on contaminated objects?

A

up to 7 days

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24
Q

How many doses is the hepatitis B vaccine?

A

3

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25
Q

What can the hepatitis b virus lead to?

A

fatal liver problems

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26
Q

What allergy would be a contraindication to a hepatitis B vaccine?

A

yeast

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27
Q

How is Hepatitis A spread?

A

person-to-person contact
the fecal-oral route, close personal contact, sexual contact, contaminated food or water

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28
Q

How many doses is the Hepatitis A vaccine?

A

2 doses

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29
Q

What is the minimum age to receive the Hepatitis A vaccine?

A

12 months

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30
Q

When is the first hep b vaccine adminstered?

A

before discharge from the hospital after birth

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31
Q

What kind of vaccine is hep A?

A

inactive

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32
Q

What is the route that hep A is most often spread by?

A

fecal-oral route

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33
Q

What does the DTaP vaccine include vaccinations for?

A

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis

34
Q

How many doses is the DTaP vaccine?

A

5

35
Q

When is the first DTaP vaccine administered?

A

2 months

36
Q

What is the causative agent of Diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria

37
Q

What happens when someone contracts diphtheria?

A

Causes a thick gray coating to build up in the nose, tonsils, voice box, and throat. This “pseudomembrane” makes it very hard to breathe or swallow

38
Q

How is diphtheria treated?

A

diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics

39
Q

How does tetanus enter the body?

A

a break in the skin

40
Q

Vaccination against pertussis can prevent how many cases of pertussis in children under 2 months?

A

3/4 of cases

41
Q

If a pregnant woman gets the pertussis vaccine, how many infants are protected to where they do not get ill enough for hospitalization?

A

9/10

42
Q

When is the DTaP vaccine booster given?

A

starting at 11-12 years old

43
Q

How often do adults need to receive DTaP boosters?

A

every 10 years

44
Q

What are complications of polio?

A

paralysis and meningitis

45
Q

Where does the polio virus live?

A

throat and intestinal tract

46
Q

How is polio spread?

A

person-to-person contact via stool or naso/oral secretions

47
Q

What percentage of people with polio experience no symptoms?

A

72%

48
Q

What percentage of those with polio will have paralysis?

A

1%

49
Q

When was the polio vaccine introduced?

A

1955

50
Q

Which polio vaccine has led to vaccine associated polio paralysis?

A

OPV vaccine

51
Q

What kind of vaccine is the MMR vaccine?

A

live attenuated vaccine

52
Q

How many doses is the MMR vaccine?

A

2

53
Q

When can the first MMR vaccine be given?

A

12-15 months old

54
Q

What are two allergies that would be a contraindication to administration of the MMR vaccine?

A

gelatin and neomycin

55
Q

What are two of the hallmark signs of mumps?

A

puffy cheeks and swollen jaw

56
Q

What are the most common types of invasive Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Bacteremia (blood infection)
Meningitis (infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord)
Epiglotittis (an inflammation of the windpipe; can cause breathing trouble)
Cellulitis (skin infection)
Infectious arthritis

57
Q

What type of infection is haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib)?

A

bacterial

58
Q

How many doses is the hib vaccine?

A

4

59
Q

When is the first hib dose administered?

A

2 months

60
Q

What is the ProQuad vaccine?

A

A combination of the MMR vaccine and the Varicella vaccine

61
Q

How is the varicella vaccine administered?

A

sub-q

62
Q

When is the first varicella vaccine administered?

A

12 months

63
Q

Should the ProQuad vaccine be administered for the first dose?

A

no

64
Q

How many strains and types of pneumococcal bacteria does the PCV13 vaccine protect from?

A

13 strains and about 90 types

65
Q

How many doses is the PCV13 vaccine?

A

4

66
Q

When is the first PCV13 vaccine administered?

A

2 months

67
Q

What are the infections that pneumococcal bacteria can cause?

A

Ear infections
pneumonia
Sinus infections
Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord)
Bacteremia (blood stream infection)

68
Q

When is the influenza virus most active?

A

october through may

69
Q

How old do you have to be to get the influenza vaccine?

A

6 months or older

70
Q

How is the influenza vaccine administered for children 6 months to 8 years?

A

2 separate doses 4 weeks apart

71
Q

Which strains of neiserris meningitis are the most common in the United States?

A

B, C, and Y

72
Q

Who is at higher risk for meningococcal disease?

A

college students living in dorms and military recruits

73
Q

How many doses in the meningococcal vaccine? When are these doses administered?

A
  1. 1st at 11-12 years and second at 16 years
74
Q

What does rotavirus cause?

A

diarrhea

75
Q

How many doses are given for the rotavirus vaccine?

A

2-3 doses

76
Q

When are the doses for rotavirus?

A

2 months, 4 months, and 6 months

77
Q

How is the rotavirus vaccine administered?

A

PO liquid

78
Q

What is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis?

A

rotavirus

79
Q

When is the most common time for rotavirus?

A

december to june

80
Q

Should a rotavirus vaccine be administered after 6 months?

A

No. it is not necessary

81
Q

What is almost all cervical cancer caused by?

A

HPV

82
Q

Who should not receive an HPV vaccine?

A

pregnant women, those with a latex allergy, and those with a hypersensitivity to yeast

NURS 366 (29 decks)

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