Adult Cardiac Flashcards
What does S1 sound like?
lub
What does S2 sound like?
dub
When is S3 normal?
kids and up to age 30 in adults
When does S3 become abnormal?
After 30!
What is blood flow across an obstruction?
stenosis
What will happen with backflow of blood from an incompetent valve?
regurgitation
What happens when there is a septal defect?
shunting
How are murmurs graded?
I-VI
What are rubs?
pericardial inflammation or effusion or pericarditis
When may rubs occur?
2-7 days s/p MI
What does a rub sound like?
grading, squeaking, or scratching sound (inspiration- friction w/ movement)
What is a murmur?
increased rate of flow through heart
Where is edema most common?
feet, ankles, legs, scrotum, hands
2 factors that influence blood pressure
cardiac output and SVR
What kind of hypertension is the majority of cases?
Primary or essential HTN
What percentage of hypertensive patients have secondary hypertension?
5-10%
What pain level is ideal for a cardiac patient?
0
A cardiac pt came in complaining of headache, blurred vision, and severe chest pain. Rated at a 7. The patient has been treated and now his pain level has gone down to a 1, which is tolerable for this patient. Is he okay to be discharged?
no. cardiac patients must have a pain level of 0 before being discharged
If a patient comes in with chest pain, what is that indicative of?
oxygen supply is not meeting oxygen demand
How does an infarction occur?
Ischemia first and continued o2 demand that does not meet the supply is infarction and that leads to muscle death that cannot be restored
What are the s/s of CM?
HA, blurred vision, fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, angina, dyspnea, nosebleeds
What is the first diagnostic study that should be done when assessing cardiac health?
NIBP
What are diagnostic studies that should be done after NIBP when assessing cardiac health?
Fasting BG, UA, BMP cGFR, CBC, Lipid Panel, 12-lead EKG
How does coronary artery disease progress?
stable angina–> unstable angina–> NSTEMI or STEMI