Skin conditions child Flashcards
What is the white, harmless spots on babies?
Milia - keratin filled pores
Little pink marks on face of baby
Birthmarks - stork mark/bite - salmon patch
benign - very prominent when cry
What is a strawberry naevus?
WHen do strawberry naevus resolve?
5% of babies have
70%
95% by 10
How treat strawberry naevi?
Propanolol - reduce blood flow
What is port wine stains on face ass with?
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Sturge weber syndrome - symptoms
Learning disabilitys,
Neurological - seizures
Glaucoma
What causes sturge weber sydnrome?
Abnormal blood vessel growth in skin and also in brain
What is harlequin colour change?
Transient erythema of half the body along the midline lasting 20-30 seconds
When does harlequin colour change normally present?
2-5 days after birth
Neonatal acne prevalence and prognosis
50%
Self resolves 1-2 weeks
Erythema toxicum neonatorym
What is an important differential for mongolian blue spot?
Bruises
Why is it important to record birthmarks?
Prevent mistakes as bruises/marks inflicted later on and safeguarding referral
Mongolian blue spot what population more common in
More common in african/asian population - more difficult to see on darker skin
Childhood exanthems
Measles
Rubella
Roseola Infantum
Erythema infectosum (slapped cheek/5th disease)
Scarlett fever
Roseola infacntum cuase
HHV 6
How does roseola infantum present?
Sudden high fever
Exthematous rash
Otherwise relatively well
Signs of measles, what find in mouth
Complication
High fever
Red-brown ash starts behind ears spread to torsos
Runny nose
Koplick spots in mouth
Cough and conjunctivitis
Can cause encephalopathy
Prodrome of measles
Rubella PRESENTATION
Coryzal symptoms
Temperature
Shorter duration and less severe than measeles
Measles like rash but pink/red starts behind ear and spreads
Slapped cheek syndrome cause
Parvovirus B19
Why is slapped cheek a risk in sickle cell patients
Can cause anaemia
What causes scarlet fever?
Strep A
Prodrome scarlet fever
Follows sore throat/skin infection
Symptoms scarlet feer
Sore throat, headache, tmep > 38.5 degrees, swollen strawberry tongue, flushed cheeks, pinkish rash on torso before spread to rest of body, sandpaper feel
What is a toxic looking child?
More than poorly, tonsilitis like - rash, eyes tired etc
How long does a fever last with kawasakis?
Over 5 days - paracetemol and ibuprofen dont improve
What causes kawasakis
Autoimmune - mid vessel vasculitis
What signs of kawasakis disease?
Erythema with desquemation after 1 weeks
Strawberry tongue/sore mouth
Bilateral conjunctivits - dry
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Complication of kawasakis disease
Cornoary artery anrysms
30% OCCURENCE
Treatment of kawasakis
IV immunoglobulins
Aspirin
Echo monitoring
Primary vs secondary impetigo
Primary - on healthy skin
Secondary - on already infected skin
When do children need to be off school impetigo?
Before honey coloured crsusts
First line treatment impetigo
Hydrogen peroxide - if localised and non bullous
Fusidin - 3/4 dyas
Oral treatmetn impetifo
Flucloxacillin - dries up in 24 hours
Treatment for eczema
Emollients, topical corticosteroids
Where find atopic dermatitis caused by eczema in children?
Knees, elbows, neck, hands, scalp
What causes meningococcal rash?
Sepsis
Differentials for non blnaching rash
ITP
HSP
Meningococcal septicaemia
Leukaemia
What is ITP
Autoimmune disease affecting platelets usually following viral illness
Why are platelets attacked by the spleen in ITP?
Labelled as abnormal as anitbodies attached to platelets
Symptoms ITP
Bruising/non blanching rash
Nose bleeds
What is HSP?
Henlocj-Schonlein purpura, small vessel vasculitis
Presentation of HSP?
Lower limb joint pain and swelling
URTI last 2 weels
Non blanching rash - buttocks and thighs extending down
Abdominal pain
Kidney involvement
Why need to do regualr blood and urine tests in HSP?
Risk of kidney involvement - 40% within 3 months, takes up to a year to resolve
HSP how long illness lasts
Resolves after a year with periods of worseing and improving periods
Common serotypes of N.meningiditis
A,B,C,Y,W135
When does meningococcal disease peak?
Childhood and adolescence
Prophylaxis for meningococcal septicaemia for close contacts
Rifampicin, ciprofloxacin
What is a side effect of rifampacin?
Turns bodily fluids orange
What do yuo give in community if meningitis sus?
IM benzyl penicillin
What give for meningitis in hospital? If under 3 months?
Ceftriaxone - IV
Cefotaxine + amoxicillin under 3 months
Why treat under 3 months with cefotaxine and amoxicillin?
More likely to be caused by weird bacteria as less immune system - wider spectrum antibiotics
Petechiae size
1-2mm
Purpura size
5,6,7mm
Purpura fulminans
Large patches of rash - capillary leak -> necrotic
When is rash unlikely to be meningocaccla
Above nipple line rash
Differentials for non blanching rash on face
Vomitting - gastroenteritis
Cough
Strangulation
Differentials for non blanching rash on face
Vomitting - gastroenteritis
Cough
Strangulation
