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Childs Health > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Gastroenteritis is inflammation all the way from the stomach to the intestines and presents with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea

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2
Q

What is teh main concern in GE?

A

Dehydration

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2
Q

What is the main concern in GE?

A

Dehydration

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3
Q

What is first step in managing GE?

A

Isolate patient in paeds assessmnet unit or hospital ward
Barrier nursing

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4
Q

What need to assess in children presenting with GE

A

Whether can manage with conservativ hydration or need IV fluids

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5
Q

Key differentials for patients with loos stools?

A
  • Infection (gastroenteritis)
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Lactose intolerance
  • Coeliac disease
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Toddler’s diarrhoea
  • Irritable bowel syndrome
  • Medications (e.g. antibiotics)
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6
Q

Common causes of GE?

A

Rotavirus
Norovirus
(adenovirus less common -> subacute diarrhoea)

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7
Q

How is E coli spread

A

Infected faeces
Unwashed salads
Contaminated water

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8
Q

What bacteria can cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

E.coli 0157 -> shigella toxin

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9
Q

What does the shiga toxin cause?

A

Abdo cramps, bloody diarrhoea and vomitting
Destroys RBCs -> haemolytic Uraemic S

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10
Q

Why should antibiotics be avoided in some GE cases?

A

If suspect E coli may be cause as antibiotics increase the risk of Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

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11
Q

What is most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?

A

Campylobacter

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12
Q

What type of bacteria is campylobacter?

A

Gram negative ‘
Curved or spiral shape

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13
Q

How is campylobacter spread?

A

Raw/uncooked poultry
Untreated water
Unpasteurised milk

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14
Q

What is the incubation and symptom resolution for travellers diarrhoea?

A

Incubation - 2-5 days
Symptoms resolve - 3-6 days

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15
Q

SYmptoms of travellers diarrhoea

A

Abdo cramps
Diarrhoea often with blood
Vomitting
Fever

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16
Q

When are antibiotics used in campylobacter travellers diarrhoea?

A

Severe symptoms
Other risk factors HIV or HF

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17
Q

Antibiotics for travellers diarrhoea

A

Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin

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18
Q

What is salmonella spread by?

A

Eating raw eggs, poultry or food contaminated with infected faeces of small animals

19
Q

What is incubation and resolution of salmonella?

A

Incubation - 12 hours to 3 days
Resooution - 1 week

20
Q

Symptoms of salmonella

A

Watering diarrhoea can be ass with muscus or blood
Abdo pain
Vomitting

21
Q

What should antibitoics be guided by in salmonella of treatment?

A

Stool culture and sensitivites

22
Q

What type of bacteria is bacilus cereus?

A

Gram positive rod

23
Q

How does bacileius cereus spread?

A

Inadequately cooked food and not refrigerated after cooking
eg fried rice at room temp

24
Q

What toxin comes from bacilius cereus

A

Cereulide

25
Q

What symptoms does cereulide cause?

A

Abdo cramping and vomitting within 5 hours of ingestion
Then causes watery diarrhoea when reaches the intestine

26
Q

Typical course of bacilius cereus infection

A

Comitting within 5 hours, then diarrhoea after 8 hours then resolution within 24 hours
V short incubation time and recovery in 24 hours

27
Q

What type of bacteria is yersinia?

A

Gram negative bacillus

28
Q

What can cause yerisnia infection?

A

Raw or undercooked pork - pigs are carriers
Urine or faeces of other mammals eg rats and rabbits

29
Q

What does yersinia cause in children?

A

Water or bloody diarrhoea
Abdo pain
Fever
Lymphadenopathy

30
Q

Incubation and duration of yersinia illness

A

5-7 dyas incubation
3 weeks +

31
Q

Why do older children with yersinia often get mistaken for appendicitis?

A

RHS abdo pain due to mesenteric lymphadenitis (inflammation in intestitnal lymph nodes)
Fever

32
Q

What toxins do S.aureus produce?

A

Enterotoxins

33
Q

Symptoms of S.aureus enterotoxins

A

Diarrhoea
Perfuse vomitting
Abdominal cramps
Fever
Affect small intestine

34
Q

What is the course of S.aureus toxin incubation and symptoms resolution

A

Start within hours
12-24 hours settle

35
Q

What is giardiasis?

A

Microscopic parasite
Lives in small intestines of mammals
Causes GE

36
Q

Transmission of giardiasis

A

Faeco-oral

37
Q

Symptoms of giraridiasis inection

A

Asymptomatic
Chronic diarrhoea

38
Q

Diagnosis for giardiasis

A

Stool microscopy

39
Q

Treatment for giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

40
Q

How long do children need to stay off schoo, iwth GE

A

48 hours after symptoms completely resolved

41
Q

What is a fluid challenge

A

Record small vol fluid given orally every 5-10 mins to ensure they can tolerate it and adequately hydrated

42
Q

What to introduce after fluid challenge after GE

A

Dry light diet eg toast

43
Q

What medication is generall not recommended in GE?

A

antidiarrhoeals eg loperamide
antiemetics eg metoclopramide

44
Q

When are antidiarrhoeals particuarly avoided?

A

e.coli 0157 and shigella
Where bloody diarrhoea and fever

45
Q

Post GE complications

A

Lactos eintolerance
IBS
Reactive arthritis
Guillian Barre syndrome

Childs Health (82 decks)

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