Skin Ch. 16 Flashcards
adipocyte
fat cell
albino
person with skin deficient in pigment (melanin)
basal layer
deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells
collagen
structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
dermis
middle layer of the skin
epidermis
outermost layer of the skin
epithelium
layer of the skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body
hair follicle
sac within which each hair grows
integumentary system
the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails.
keratin
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails.
means horn and commonly is found in the horns of animals.
melanin
skin pigment. it is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis.
eumelanin is brown-black pigment.
pheomelanin is red-yellow pigment.
paronychium
soft tissue surrounding the nail border.
sebaceous gland
oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles.
sebum
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.
squamous epithelium
flat, scale-like cells composing epidermis.
stratum (plural:strata)
a layer (of cells).
subcutaneous layer
innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue.
crust
collection of dried serum and cellular debris
cyst
thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material.
e.g. pilonidal cyst
sebaceous cyst
erosion
wearing away or loss of epidermis
fissure
groove or crack-like sore.
macule
flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter.
nodule
solid, round or oval elecated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter.
papule
small (-1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin.
e.g. pimples
polyp
growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane.
pustule
papule containing pus
ulcer
open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion)
vesicle
small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister
wheal
smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder or pale than the surrounding skin.
alopecia
absence of hair from areas where it normally grows.
ecchymosis
ecchymoses
bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin.
petechia
small, pinpoint hemorrhage
pruritus
itching
ABCDE
asymmetry (of shape) border (irregularity) color (variation within one lesion) diameter (greater than 6 mm) evolution (change) - characteristics associated with melanoma
Bx
biopsy
Derm
dermatology
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
PPD
purified protein derivative– used in skin test for tuberculosis
PUVA
psoralen-ultraviolet A light therapy, treatment for psoriasis and other skin conditions
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
SC
subcutaneous
crust
collection of dried serum and cellular debris
cyst
thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material.
erosion
wearing away or loss of epidermis.
fissure
groove or crack-like sore
macule
flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1cm in diameter.
nodule
solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter.
papule
small (>1cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
polyp
growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane
pustule
papule containing pus.
ulcer
open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion)
decubitis ulcers (bedsores)
vesicle
small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister
wheal
smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder or paler than the surrounding skin
alopecia
absence of hair from areas where it normally grows.
ecchymosis
plural: ecchymoses
bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin
petechia
plural: petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhage
pruritus
itching
acne
chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of the sebum
burns
injury to tissue caused by heat contact.
first-degree burns
superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia and no blisters
second-degree burns
epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
third-degree burns
epidermis and dermis are destroyed and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue
cellulitis
diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions.
exanthematous viral disease
rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infectio
e.g rebulla
gangrene
death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
impetigo
bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions.
psoriasis
chronic, recureent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
scabies
contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
scleroderma
chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
tinea
infection of the skin caused by a fungus
urticaria (hives)
acute allergic reaction in which red, round, wheals develop in the skin
vitiligo
loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches )
callus
increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
keloid
excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision
keratosis
thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage
leukoplakia
white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek
nevus
plural: nevi
pigmented lesion of the skin
verruca
plural: verrucae
epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus
basal cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
malignant melanoma
cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
kaposi sarcoma
malignant vascular, neoplastic growth characteruzed by cutaneous nodules.
bacterial analyses
samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms.
fungal tests
scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examinations
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
curettage
use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion
electrodesiccation
tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark,
Mohs surgery
thin layers malignant tissue are removes, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection
skin biopsy
suspicious skin lesion are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist
skin test
substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed
