Combining Form Flashcards by Alys Garcia

crin

to secrete

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cyst/o

vesic/o

urinary bladder

ex: cyst/o/scopy
process of visual examination of the urinary bladder.

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life

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carcin

cancer

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cardi

heart

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cephal

Head

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aden

gland

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arthr/o

articul/o

joint

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cyt

cell

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derm

dermat

skin

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electr

electricity

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encephal/o

brain

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enter

intestines (small)

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erythr

erythem(at) COLOR

red

redness

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glyc/o

gluc/o

sugar

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gnos

knowledge

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gynec

woman/female

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hemat/hem

blood

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hepat

liver

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iatr

treatment

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log

study of

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neur

nerve

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onc

tumor (cancerous)

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opthalm

eye

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oste

bone

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path

disease

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ped

child

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psych

mind

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radi

X-Rays

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ren/o

nephr/o

kidney

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rhin

nose

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sect/o

cis/o

to cut

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thromb

clot, clotting

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urinary, tract, urine

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cutane

skin

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dactyl

fingers, toes

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duct

to lead, carry

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flex

to bend

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gloss

tongue

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immun

protection

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mort

death

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nat

birth

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norm

rule, order

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oxygen

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pub

pubis; anterior portion of the pelvic or hipbone

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seps

infection

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somn

sleep

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son

sound

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the

to put, place

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thel

nipple

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thyr

thyroid, gland; shield

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top

place, position, location

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tox

poison

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trache

windpipe; trachea

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urethr

urethra

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abdomin

abdomen

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anter

front

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chondr

cartilage

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coccyg

coccyx (tailbone)

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dist

far, distant

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dors

back portion of body

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hist

tissue

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inguin

groin

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later

side

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lumb

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)

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medi

middle

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pelv

pelvis

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poster

back, behind

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proxim

nearest

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sacr

sacrum

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sarc/o

muscle and flesh

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spin

spine, backbone

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ventr

belly side of the body

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viscer

internal organs

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albin/o COLOR

white

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caus/o

burn, burning

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cauter/o

heat burn

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diaphor/o

profuse sweating

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hidr/o

sweat

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ichthy/o

dry, scaly (fish-like)

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kerat/o

hard

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melan/o COLOR

black

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myc/o

fungus

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phyt/o

plant

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pil/o

hair, hair follicle

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rhytid/o

wrinkle

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seb/o

sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)

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squam/o

scale-like

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trich/o

hair

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ungu/o

onych/o

nail

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xer/o

dry

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anthrac/o COLOR

black (as coal)

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chlor/o COLOR

green

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cirrh/o COLOR

tawny yellow

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ciyan./o COLOR

blue

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lute/o COLOR
xanth/o
jaund/o

yellow

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poli/o COLOR

gray

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Ch. 16

Calc/o, calci/o

Calcium

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kyph/o

humpback, hunchback

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lamin/o

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

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lord/o

curve, swayback (AC in the lumbar region)

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lumb/o

loins; lower back

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myel/o

bone marrow

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orth/o

straight

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oste/o

bone

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scoli/o

crooked, bent (laterl curvature)

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spondyl/o, vertebr/o

vertebra

backbone

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acetabul/o

acetabulum (hip socket)

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calcane/o

calcaneus (heel)

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carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

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clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bones)

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cost/o

ribs (true, false, and floating ribs)

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crani/o

cranium (skull)

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femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

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fibul/o

fibula (smaller leg bone)

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humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

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ili/o

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

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ischi/o

ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)

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malleol/o

malleolus (process on each side of ankle)

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mandibul/o

mandible (lower jaw bone)

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maxill/o

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

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metacarp/o

metacarpals (hand bones)

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metatars/o

(foot bones)

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olecran/o

olecranon (elbow)

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patell/o

patella (kneecap)

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pelv/o

pelvis (hipbone)

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perone/o

fibula

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phalang/o

phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)

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pub/o

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

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radi/o

radius (forearm bone–thumb side)

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scapul/o

scapula (shoulder blade)

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stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

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tars/o

tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)

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tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

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uln/o

ulna (forearm bone–little finger side)

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ankyl/o

stiff

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burs/o

bursa

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ligament/o

ligament

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rheumat/o

watery flow

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synov/o

synovial membrane

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ten/o

tendin/o

tendon

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fasci/o

fascia

forms sheaths enveloping muscles

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leiomy/o

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

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my/o

myos/o

muscle

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myocardi

heart muscle

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plant/o

sole of the foot

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rhabdomy/o

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones

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Ch. 10

cerebell/o

cerebellum

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cerebr/o

cerebrum

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dur/o

dura mater

gli/o

glial cells

lept/o

thin, slender

mening/o

meningi/o

membranes, meninges

neur/o

nerve

pont/o

pons

radicul/o

nerve root (of spinal nerves)

thalam/o

thalamus

thec/o

sheath (refers to meninges)

vag/o

vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

alges/o

-algesia

sensitivity to pain

comat/o

deep sleep (coma)

esthesi/o, esthesia

feeling, nervous sensation

kines/o, kinesi/o

-kinesia, -kinesis, -kinectic

movement

lepsy

seizure

lex/o

word, phrase

-paresis

weakness

-phasia

speech

-plegia

paralysis

-praxia

action

-sthenia

strength

syncop/o

to cut off, cut short

tax/o

order, coordination

Phago

To eat; swallow

aort/o

aorta

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

ather/o

yellowish plaque, fatty substance (Greek athere means porridge)
fatty deposit

atri/o

atrium, upper heart chamber

brachi/o

arm

cholesterol/o

cholesterol (a lipid substance)

coron/o

heart; crown

cyan/o

blue

myx/o

mucus

pericardi/o

pericardium

“around the heart”

phleb/o
ven/o
ven/i

vein

rrhythm/o

rhythm

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o
thorac/o
pector/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

valvul/o

valv/o

valve

ventricul/o

ventricle, lower heart chamber

adenoid/o

adenoids

alveol/o

alveolus, air sac

bronch/o

bronchi/o

Bronchial tube

Bronchus

bronchiol/o

Bronchiole, small bronchus

capn/o

Carbon dioxide

Coni/o

Dust

Epiglott/o

Epiglottis

Laryng/o

Larynx, voice box

Lob/o

Lobe of the lung

Mediastin/o

Mediastinum

Nas/o

Nose

Pharyng/o

Pharynx, throat

Phon/o

Voice

Phren/o

Diaphragm

Pleur/o

Pleura

Pneum/o

Pneumon/o

Air, lung

Pulmon/o

Lung

Sinus/o

Sinus, cavity

Spir/o

Breathing

Tel/o

Complete

an/o

anus

append/o

appendix

bucc/o

cheek

cec/o

cecum

celi/o

belly, abdomen

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

col/o

colon/o

colon

dent/i
odont/o
acr/o

tooth

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

intestines, usually small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

faci/o

face

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o

lingu/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

labi/o

cheil/o

lip

lapar/o

abdomen

or/o

stomat/o

mouth

palat/o

palate

peritone/o

peritoneum

pharyng/o

throat

proct/o

anus and rectum

pylor/o

pyloric sphincter

rect/o

rectum

sialaden/o

salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid gland

uvul/o

uvula

amyl/o

starch

bilirubin/o

bilirubin (bile pigment)

chlorhydr/o

hydrochloric acid

glycogen/o

glycogen, animal starch

lip/o
adip/o
steat/o

fat, lipid

lith/o

stone

prote/o

protein

py/o

pus

sial/o

saliva, salivary

chol/e

bil/i

bile/gall

cholangi/o

bile vessel

bas/o

base

chrom/o

color

coagul/o

clotting

eosin/o

red, dawny, rosy

granul/o

granules

hemoglobin/o

hemogoblin

is/o

same, equal

kary/o

nucle/o

nucleus

leuk/o

white

mon/o

ine, single

morph/o

shape, form

nutr/o

neutral (neither base or acid)

poikil/o

varied, irregular

sider/o

iron

spher/o

globe, round

immun/o

protection

lymph/o

lymph

lymphaden/o

lymph node

splen/o

spleen

thym/o

thymus gland

tox/o

poison

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

gonad/o

sex glands
(ovaries and testes)

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland; hypophysis

thyr/o

thyroid/o

thyroid gland

andr/o

male

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

estr/o

female

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

solid structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

ur/o

urine

cali/o

calic/o

calyx (calix); cup-shaped

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

pyel/o

renal pelvis

trigon/o

trigone (region of the bladder)

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

albumin/o

albumin (protein in the blood)

azot/o

nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

dips/o

thirst

kal/o

potassium

ket/o

keton/o

ketone bodies

natr/o

sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

balan/o

glans penis

cry/o

cold

crypt/o

hidden

epididym/o

epididymis

gon/o

seed

hydro/o

water, fluid

orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o

testis, testicle

pen/o

penis

prostat/o

prostate gland

semin/i

semen, seed

sperm/o

spermat/o

spermatozoa

semen

terat/o

monster

varic/o

varicose veins

vas/o

angi/o

vessel, duct; vas deferens

zo/o

animal life

amni/o

amnion

bartholin/o

bartholin gland

cervic/o

cervix, neck

chori/o

chorion/o

chorion

colp/o

vagin/o

vagina

culd/o

cul-de-sac

episi/o

vulv/o

vulva

perineum

lact/o

galact/o

milk

hyster/o

uterus, womb

mamm/o

mast/o

breast

men/o

menses, menstruation

metr/o
metri/o
uter/o

uterus

myom/o

muscle tumor

nat/i

birth

obstetr/o

preganancy and child birth

o/o
ov/o
ovul/o

egg

oophor/o

ovari/o

ovary

perine/o

perineum

phor/o

to bear

salping/o

fallopion tubes

aque/o

water

blephar/o

palpebr/o

eyelid

conjunctiv/o

conjunctiva

cor/o

pupill/o

pupil

corne/o

kerat/o

cornea

cycl/o

ciliary body or muscle of the eye

dacry/o

lacrim/o

tears, tear duct

ir/o

irid/o

iris

ocul/o

ophthalm/o

eye

opt/o

optic/o

eye, vision

phac/o

phak/o

lens of the eye

papill/o

optic disc; nipple-like

retin/o

retina

scler/o

sclera (white of the eye); hard

uve/o

uvea; vascular layer of the eye

vitre/o

glassy

ambly/o

dull, dim

dipl/o

double

glauc/o

gray

mi/o

smaller, less

mydr/o

widen, enlarge

phot/o

light

presby/o

old age

scot/o

darkness

acous/o
audi/o
audit/o

hearing

aur/o
auricul/o
ot/o

ear

cochle/o

cochlea

mastoid/o

mastoid process

myring/o

tympan/o

eardrum. tympanic membrane

ossicul/o

ossicle

salping/o

pertaining to ear

auditory or eustachian tube

staped/o

stapes

vestibul/o

vestibule