Endocrine System Ch. 18 Flashcards
adrenal cortex
outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.
adrenal medulla
inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
ovaries
located in the lower abdomen of a female;responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion.
pancreas
located behind the stomach; contains cells that are exocrine in function. they secrete enzymes, into the small intestine to aid digestion
parathyroid glands
four small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland
pituitary gland
hypophysis
located base of brain in sella turcica; composed of anterior lobe (adenhypophysis) and posterior lobe (neurhypophysis)
testes
two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion
thyroid gland
located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
adrenaline
epinephrine
secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called adrenocorticotropin. It stimulates the adrenal cortex.
androgen
male hormone secreted by the tests and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ADH increases reabsorption of water by the kidney,
calcitonin
secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.
cortisol
secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. secreted in times of stess and has anti-inflammatory effect.
epinephrine (adrenaline)
secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). “fight or flight” reaction
estrogen
female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. ex; estradiol and estrone
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes.
glucagon
secreted by the alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.
growth hormone (GH): somatotropin
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.
insulin
secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
luteinizing hormone (LH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.
norepinephrine
secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). AKA noradrenaline
oxytocin (OT)
secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth
parathormone (PTH)
SECRETED BY THE PARATHYROID GLAND; INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM
progesterone
secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy
somatotropin (STH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone
testerone
male hormone secreted by the testes.
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.
thyroxine (T4)
secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine.
T4 increases metabolism in cells.
triiodothyronine (T3)
secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells
corticosteroids
hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex.
ex: cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens and estrogens.
glucocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
homeostasis
tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
hormone
chemical secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland
hypothalamus
region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland.
receptor
cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
target tissue
cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.
