Digestive System Ch. 5&6

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Question 2

amylase

Answer 2

enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

Question 3

anus

Answer 3

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

Question 4

bile

Answer 4

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 5

cecum

Answer 5

first part of the large intestine

Question 6

colon

large intestine

Answer 6

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

Question 7

common bile duct

Answer 7

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.

also called choledochus

Question 8

defecation

Answer 8

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

Question 9

deglutition

Answer 9

swallowing

Question 10

digestion

Answer 10

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

Question 11

duodenum

Answer 11

first part of the small intestine

duo = 2 den = 10; measures 12 inches long

Question 12

elimination

Answer 12

act of removal of materials from the body

Question 13

emulsification

Answer 13

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.

enzymes are given names that end with -ase

Question 15

esophagus

Answer 15

tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
eso: inward
phag/o: swallowing

Question 16

feces

Answer 16

solid waste; stool

Question 17

gallbladder

Answer 17

small sac under the liver; stores bile

Question 18

hydrochloric acid

Answer 18

substance produced in the stomach; necessary digestion of food

Question 19

ileum

Answer 19

third part of the small intestine; from the Greek elios, meaning twisted

Question 20

jejunum

Answer 20

second part of the small intestine. Latin jejunus means empty.

Question 21

lipase

Answer 21

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Question 22

liver

Answer 22

large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secrets bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins

Question 23

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 23

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.

also called cardiac sphincter

Question 24

mastication

Answer 24

chewing

Question 25

palate

Answer 25

roof of the mouth

Question 26

pancreas

Answer 26

prgan behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

Question 27

parotid gland

Answer 27

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.

par = near, ot/o= ear

Question 28

peristalsis

Answer 28

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

Question 29

pharynx

Answer 29

throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

Question 30

pyloric sphincter

Answer 30

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.

from Greek pylorus, meaning gatekeeper

Question 31

pylorus

Answer 31

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

Question 32

rectum

Answer 32

last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

Question 33

rugae

Answer 33

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

Question 34

saliva

Answer 34

digestive juice produced by salivary glands. saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starch to sugar.

Question 35

salivary glands

Answer 35

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

Question 36

sigmoid colon

Answer 36

fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

Question 37

sphincter

Answer 37

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

Question 38

stomach

Answer 38

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.

parts: fundus, body, and antrum

Question 39

uvula

Answer 39

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.

Latin uva means bunch of grapes

Question 40

villi (singular: villus)

Answer 40

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

Question 41

oral cavity

Answer 41

digestion by mastication (chewing) and enzymes from saliva

Question 42

pharynx or throat

Answer 42

swallowing (deglutition) passes (bolus) food from the mouth to the esophagus

Question 43

esophagus

Answer 43

move bolus of food to stomach by peristalsis–like “squeezing a marble through a rubber tube”

Question 44

LES

lower esophagal sphincter

Answer 44

prevents food and stomach acid from percolating upward

Question 45

4 regions of the stomach

Answer 45

Cardia = origin of stomach at the esophagus
Fundus = large, upper section
Body = middle
Antrum = lower budge of the stomach

Question 46

3 sections of the small intestine

Answer 46

Duodenum = receives bile and pancreatic enzymes to continue digestion
Jejunum = absorption starts
Ileum = absorption continues

Question 47

small intestines

Answer 47

absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream and passage of waste to the large intestine

Question 48

gastroesophagal reflux disorder

Answer 48

weak LES allows backflow of acid into esophagus

Question 49

ulcerative colitis

Answer 49

disorder causes inflammation in the colon and rectum’s lining. it destroys portions of the intestinal lining, leaving behind ulcers and open sores.

Question 50

hepatisis

Answer 50

inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, toxins, or chemicals (drugs) and can destroy part of liver