Respiratory System Ch. 12 Flashcards
alveolus
plural: alveoli
air sac in the lung
apex of the lung
tip or uppermost portion of the lung
apex is the tip of the structure.
apex of the heart is at the bottom of the heart
apical
pertaining to or located at the apex.
base of the lung
lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, soundation
Basilar
means located at or in the base
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts
bronchus
plural: bronchi
branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube
carbon dioxide (CO2)
gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled through the lungs
cilia
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract; clearing bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
diaphragm
muscle separating the chest and abdomen. it contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out
epiglottis
lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing
expiration
breathing out (exhalation)
glottis
slit-like opening to the larynx
hilum of the lung
midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
Hilar
pertaining to (at) the hilum
inspiration
breathing in (inhalation)
larynx
voice box; containing the vocal cords
lobe
division of a lung
mediastinum
region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
nares
openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
oxygen (O2)
gas that makes up 21 percent of the air. it passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
paranasal sinus
one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
parietal oleura
outer layer of l=pleura lying closer to the ribs annd chest wall
pharynx
throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
pleura
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
pleural cavity
space between the folds of the pleura
respiration
process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
trachea
windpipe
visceral pleura
inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
asthma
chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
cystic fibrosis (CF)
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretion in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
atelectasis
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
pulmonary embolism (PE)
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
bronchoscopy
fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
endotracheal intubation
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
mediastinoscopy
endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
tube thoracostomy
a flexible plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest
