Respiratory System Ch. 12

Question 1

alveolus

plural: alveoli

Answer 1

air sac in the lung

Question 2

apex of the lung

Answer 2

tip or uppermost portion of the lung
apex is the tip of the structure.
apex of the heart is at the bottom of the heart

Question 3

apical

Answer 3

pertaining to or located at the apex.

Question 4

base of the lung

Answer 4

lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, soundation

Question 5

Basilar

Answer 5

means located at or in the base

Question 6

bronchioles

Answer 6

smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

Question 7

bronchus

plural: bronchi

Answer 7

branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube

Question 8

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 8

gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled through the lungs

Question 9

cilia

Answer 9

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract; clearing bacteria and foreign substances from the lung

Question 10

diaphragm

Answer 10

muscle separating the chest and abdomen. it contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out

Question 11

epiglottis

Answer 11

lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

Question 12

expiration

Answer 12

breathing out (exhalation)

Question 13

glottis

Answer 13

slit-like opening to the larynx

Question 14

hilum of the lung

Answer 14

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

Question 15

Hilar

Answer 15

pertaining to (at) the hilum

Question 16

inspiration

Answer 16

breathing in (inhalation)

Question 17

larynx

Answer 17

voice box; containing the vocal cords

Question 18

lobe

Answer 18

division of a lung

Question 19

mediastinum

Answer 19

region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

Question 20

nares

Answer 20

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

Question 21

oxygen (O2)

Answer 21

gas that makes up 21 percent of the air. it passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

Question 22

paranasal sinus

Answer 22

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

Question 23

parietal oleura

Answer 23

outer layer of l=pleura lying closer to the ribs annd chest wall

Question 24

pharynx

Answer 24

throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 25

pleura

Answer 25

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Question 26

pleural cavity

Answer 26

space between the folds of the pleura

Question 27

respiration

Answer 27

process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing

Question 28

trachea

Answer 28

windpipe

Question 29

visceral pleura

Answer 29

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

Question 30

asthma

Answer 30

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

Question 31

chronic bronchitis

Answer 31

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 32

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Answer 32

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretion in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 33

atelectasis

Answer 33

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 34

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 34

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Question 35

mesothelioma

Answer 35

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Question 36

pleural effusion

Answer 36

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

Question 37

bronchoscopy

Answer 37

fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

Question 38

endotracheal intubation

Answer 38

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

Question 39

mediastinoscopy

Answer 39

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Question 40

tracheostomy

Answer 40

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Question 41

tube thoracostomy

Answer 41

a flexible plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest