Skin Cancer

Question 1

Mutation in basal cell carcinoma

Answer 1

PTCH

Question 2

Greatest risk factor of metastasis with SCC

Answer 2

Location on Ear

Question 3

Risk factors for BCC

Answer 3

Sun exposure, sunburns, UV exposure, fair complexion, family history, immunosuppression

Question 4

Pathology of BCC

Answer 4

Pleomorphic, basophilic cells that palisade peripherally, epidermal-stromal clefting

Question 5

Appearance of BCC

Answer 5

Nodular, pearly with erosions and telangiectasias

Question 6

Age of onset of BCC

Answer 6

Usually after age 50

Question 7

Gorlin syndrome

Answer 7

PTCH1 mutation; early age of BCC, MSK defects and jaw cysts

Question 8

Tx of BCC

Answer 8

Excision, cryotherapy, imiquimod, 5-FU, Vismodegib

Question 9

Progression of squamous cell cancer

Answer 9

Minimal atypica (actinic keratosis) => full thickness (carcinoma in situ) => invasive carcinoma

Question 10

Appearance of actinic keratosis

Answer 10

Less than 1 cm in length, rough sand-paper like consistency

Question 11

Prognosis of SCC

Answer 11

Actinic keratosis are less malignant than those from burns, ulcers, or non-sun exposed areas

Question 12

Location of BCC vs SCC

Answer 12

BCC upper face; SCC lower face

Question 13

Risk factors for SCC

Answer 13

Burns, ulcers, lichen planus, UV exposure, HPV, chemical exposure, leukoplakia

Question 14

Mutations in SCC

Answer 14

p53 only

Question 15

Risk of metastasis in SCC

Answer 15

Size of tumor and depth; high risk on lips and ears

Question 16

Keratoacanthoma

Answer 16

Keratinocyte neoplasm with rapid proliferation

Question 17

Marjolin’s ulcer

Answer 17

Ulcerative invasive SCC with chronic inflammation, scarring, and trauma

Question 18

Melanocyte nevi

Answer 18

Common aquired benign proliferation of melanocytes

Question 19

Properties of nevi

Answer 19

Symmetric, small, well-circumscribed, organized nests, melanocytes only in basal layer

Question 20

Properties of melanoma

Answer 20

Asymmetric, large, non well-circumscribed, not in nests, melanocytes in other layers

Question 21

Melanoma in situ

Answer 21

Radially growing; has not penetrated dermis

Question 22

Metastatic melanoma

Answer 22

Vertically growing; has penetrated dermis

Question 23

Etiology of melanoma

Answer 23

Genetic mutations (BRAF, CDKN2), UV exposure, immunosuppression

Question 24

ABCDE of melanoma

Answer 24

Asymmetry, Borders, Colors, Diameter, Evolution/Elevation

Question 25

Types of melanoma

Answer 25

Acral lentiginous, lengtigo maliga melanoma, nodular, superficial spreading, amelontic

Question 26

Locations of melanoma

Answer 26

Anywhere that neural crest cells migrate (including eyes)

Question 27

Melanoma metastasizes through…

Answer 27

lymphatics

Question 28

Most important prognostic factor in melanoma

Answer 28

Lymph node involvements

Question 29

Most important histological factor

Answer 29

Breslow thickness and ulceration