Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Skin & Breast > Flashcards

Skin & Breast Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis?

A
  • stratum basale
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are melanocytes found in the skin?

A

epidermis

- stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of melanocytes?

A
  • synthesise melanin
  • transfer melanin to surrounding keratinocytes in melanosomes
  • absorb UV light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what stimulates melanocytes?

A
  • MSH

- ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is most of the melanin found?

A

keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does skin colour depend on?

A

amount and type of melanin synthesised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is normally the largest layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is found in the stratum spinosum?

A
  • keratinocytes
  • langerhans cells
  • merkel cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of langerhans cells and are they seen readily on H&E?

A
  • antigen recognition

- no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of merkel cells and are they seen readily on H&E?

A
  • sensory

- no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the structure of the stratum granulosum

A
  • flattened squames
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens in the stratum granulosum?

A
  • keratin formation

- epidermal keratinocytes mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is keratin formed?

A

stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do epidermal keratinocytes mature?

A

stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which layer of the epidermis is visible on palms and soles?

A

stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the appearance of the stratum lucidum

A

thin and pale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the stratum corneum?

A

acellular plates of keratin (as dead keratinised squames)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where is the stratum corneum particularly thick and why?

A
  • palms and soles

- helps to resist abrasive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the epidermal adnexae?-

A

downgrowths of the epidermis into underlying layers of the skin (dermis and subcutis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is found in the epidermal adnexae?

A
  • hair follicles
  • eccrine sweat glands
  • apocrine sweat glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where do hairs arise from?

A

germinative epithelium within hair bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is responsible for the pigmentation of hair and where are they found?

A

melanocytes

- germinative epithelium within the hair bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where does hair lengthen?

A

within a root sheath composed of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what surrounds hair follicles?

A

collagenous follicle sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what muscule causes hairs to ‘stand on end’?

A

erector pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where are the erector pili muscles found?

A

collagenous follicle sheath surrounding hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

are erector pili muscles stimulated sympathetically or parasympathetically?

A

sympathetically

28
Q

what is the function of the sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles?

A

lubricate and waterproof hair

29
Q

what provides surface lubrication to the face and groin?

A

hairless follicles

30
Q

what are apocrine glands?

A

specialised sweat glands

31
Q

where are apocrine glands found?

A
  • armpits
  • groins
  • genitals
  • around anus
32
Q

what produces ear wax?

A

ceruminous glands in external auditory canal

33
Q

describe the structure of apocrine glands

A
  • simple coiled tubular glands

- eosinophilic cytoplasm with surface budding

34
Q

what do eccrine glands secrete?

A

thin watery secretion associated with sweat

35
Q

what are the most common sweat glands?

A

eccrine glands

36
Q

where are eccrine glands found?

A

everwhere (in dermis)

37
Q

what are the 2 layers of eccrine glands:

A

inner: secretory
outer: myoepithelial

38
Q

what are rete pegs?

A

downwards protrusion of the epidermis into the dermis

39
Q

what is the function of the rete pegs?

A

help to anchor epidermis onto underlying dermis

40
Q

what is the papillary dermis?

A

space between ridges of the rete pegs

41
Q

what is the dermis?

A

irregular loose connective tissue layer

42
Q

what are the 2 elements of the dermis?

A

papillary dermis
- between rete pegs

reticular dermis
- rest of dermis

43
Q

what does the dermis contain?

A
  • fibrous connective tissue (with elastin)
  • downgrowth of adnexal organs of epidermis
  • fibroblasts
  • collagen
  • glycosaminoglycan matrix
44
Q

what are the Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

elongated receptors formed by a connective tissue capsule that comprises several lamellae of Schwann cells

45
Q

where are meissner’s corpuscles found?

A

between dermal papillae beneath epidermis of fingers, palms and soles

46
Q

what is the function of meissner’s corpuscles?

A

fine touch

47
Q

what frequency of vibrations are meissner’s corpuscles effecting in transducing?

A

low frequency

e.g. when textured objects are moved across skin

48
Q

what are pacinian corpuscles?

A

large encapsulated sensory receptors

49
Q

where are pacinian corpuscles found?

A
  • subcutaneous tissues
  • interosseous membranes of gut mesentery
    (in deep dermis)
50
Q

what is the function of the onion-like capsule of pacinian corpuscles?

A

acts as a filter

- only allows high frequencies to activate nerve endings

51
Q

what is the function of pacinian corpuscles?

A

discrimination of fine surface textures / other moving stimuli that produce high frequency vibration of the skin

52
Q

do meissner’s corpuscles or pacinian corpuscles adapt more rapidly?

A

pacinian corpuscles

53
Q

do meissner’s corpuscles or pacinian corpuscles have a higher response threshold?

A

meissner’s corpuscles

54
Q

what is the function of the subcutis?

A
  • shock absorber
  • insulation
  • food store
55
Q

what does the subcutis contain?

A
  • white adipose connective tissue

- fibrovascular septa

56
Q

what are nails composed of?

A

compacted keratin

57
Q

what do nails arise from?

A

nail matrix cells under cuticle

58
Q

what are breasts?

A

myoepithelial system of ducts and lobules set in fibroadipose connective tissue

59
Q

where do ducts of the breast empty?

A

nipple

60
Q

what does male breast tissue contain?

A

ductal system

61
Q

what are the functional components of the breasts?

A

terminal duct lobular units

62
Q

what is the arrangement in terminal duct lobular units?

A

secretory lobules arranged around terminal ducts

- et in loose fibrous connective tissue stroma

63
Q

what are the ducts and lobules in terminal duct lobular units lined by?

A

outer:
- contractile myoepithelial cells
inner:
- columnar epithelial cells

64
Q

which cells in breasts adapt to produce milk?

A

columnar epithelial cells

65
Q

what is the distinguishing factor of lactating breast?

A

inner layer of secretory cells become markedly vacuolated

66
Q

what are the 3 principle histological layers of the skin?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • subcutis
67
Q

what are sweat glands and hair follicles?

A

downgrowths of epidermis

Histology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions