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Histology > Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

where is visceral/smooth muscle found?

A
  • arterial wall
  • wall of intestine
  • airways of lungs
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2
Q

where is voluntary/skeletal muscle found?

A
  • skeletal muscles
  • larynx
  • diaphragm
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3
Q

where is cardiac muscle found?

A
  • heart

* base of great vessels

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4
Q

name 3 other contractile cells

A
  • pericytes
  • myo-fibroblasts
  • myo-epithelial cells
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5
Q

what are the layers of connective tissue in skeletal muscle?

A
  • endomycium
  • perimycium
  • epimycium
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6
Q

what does skeletal muscle start as in embryonic life?

A

myoblasts

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7
Q

describe the embryonic development of skeletal muscle

A
  • individual precursor myoblasts fuse together to form muscle fibres
  • a single muscle fibre will form from the fusion of hundreds of myoblasts
    ⇒ individual muscle fibres are multinucleated
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8
Q

where are nuclei in skeletal muscles?

A

pressed towards the cell membrane

  • unlike in smooth & cardiac muscle
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9
Q

what are the components of skeletal muscle?

A
  • sarcolemma
  • multiple nuclei
  • contractile proteins
  • mitochondria
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • glycogen-rich sarcoplasm
  • T-tubular system
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10
Q

what is the t-tubular system?

A

specialised network of tubules that convey calcium into the cytoplasm of the cell

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11
Q

describe the histological appearance of skeletal muscle

A
  • elongated fibres
  • striated cytoplasm
  • multinucleate
    • nuclei at edges
  • non-branching
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12
Q

why is skeletal muscle striated?

A

myofibrils in register

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13
Q

what is a myofibril

A

arrangement of contractile proteins within a muscle fibre

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14
Q

how many sarcomeres does each myofibril contain?

A

multiple

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15
Q

what is a sarcomere?

A

functional units of the myofibril

- material between two Z lines

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16
Q

what does each sarcomere contain?

A
  • actin
  • myosin
  • accessory proteins
17
Q

what is the appearance of actin?

A
  • thin

- light

18
Q

what is the appearance of myosin?

A
  • thick

- dark

19
Q

what does actin give rise to?

A

isotropic (I) bands

20
Q

what does myosin give rise to?

A

anisotropic (A) bands

21
Q

what are the types of skeletal muscle fibre?

A
  • type 1

- type 2

22
Q

what are the similarities between type 1 and type 2 skeletal muscle fibres?

A

rich in fibrillar ATPase

23
Q

how do type 1 skeletal muscle fibres obtain energy?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

24
Q

where are type 1 skeletal muscle fibres found?

A

muscles that maintain posture

25
Q

what are slow twitch muscle fibres?

A

type 1

- fatigue resistant

26
Q

what are fast twitch muscle fibres?

A

type 2

27
Q

how do type 2a muscle fibres obtain energy?

A

oxidative & glycolytic metabolism

- some fatigue resistance

28
Q

how do type 2b muscle fibres obtain energy?

A

glycolysis

- fatigue sensitive

29
Q

how would you distinguish the types of skeletal muscle fibre histologically?

A

histochemical stain looking for ATPase

30
Q

what is the function of muscle spindles?

A

Detect stretch and tension

31
Q

describe the structure of muscle spindles

A
  • fibrocollagenous capsule

- intrafusal muscle fibres wrapped around gamma efferent nerve fibres

32
Q

where is the endomysium?

A

between individual muscle fibres

33
Q

what is the function of the perimysium?

A

binds groups of muscles together to form fascicles

34
Q

what is the function of the epimysium?

A

binds fascicles together

35
Q

what is the function fo sharpey’s fibres?

A

connect muscle to bone (and penetrate bone)

36
Q

describe the structure of sharpey’s fibres

A

bundles of collagen linking epimysium to periosteum

37
Q

what is the function of tendons?

A

connect muscle to bone

38
Q

describe the structure of tendons

A
  • parallel bundles of collagen

- intervening fibroblasts

Histology (16 decks)

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