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Histology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the heart?

A
  • pericardium
  • epicardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
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2
Q

what is the structure of pericardium?

A

single layer of flattened / squamous mesothelial cells

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3
Q

what are the types of pericardium?

A

viseral - outer surface

parietal - inner surface

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4
Q

what does the epicardium contain?

A
  • white adipose connective tissue
  • vessels (incl. coronary arteries)
  • nerves
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5
Q

what is the thickest layer of the heart?

A

myocardium

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6
Q

what is the myocardium?

A

specialised cardiac muscle

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7
Q

describe the histological appearance of the myocardium

A
  • striated
  • single central nucleus
  • branching
  • intercalated discs
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8
Q

what are intercalated discs?

A

specialised connections between myocytes

- connect actin filaments of adjacent myocytes

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9
Q

what do intercalated discs contain?

A
  • gap junctions
  • adhering junctions
  • desmosomes
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10
Q

what is the endomysium?

A

loose fibrous connective tissue between muscle fibres in the myocardium
- may contain very small number of lymphocytesq

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11
Q

where are the largest myocytes in the heart found?

A

wall of the left ventricle.

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12
Q

why are atrial myocytes smaller than ventricle myocytes?

A

pump up against a much lower pressure

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13
Q

what endocrine hormone does the heart secrete?

A

ANP

- secretes by atria

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14
Q

where is the conducting system of the heart initiated?

A

SA node

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15
Q

where are purkinje fibres found?

A

ventricles

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16
Q

describe the structure of purkinje fibres

A
  • large vacuolated muscle cells
  • specialised myocytes
  • contain glycogen-rich cytoplasm
17
Q

do purkinje fibres stain with H&E?

A

yes but pale

- more easily seen with PAS

18
Q

what is the endocardium?

A
  • thin layer of fibrous connective tissue

- single flat layer of simple squamous endothelial cells

19
Q

what covers the valves of the heart?

A

vascular endothelium of endocardium

20
Q

what are the layers of valves?

A
  • fibrosa
  • spongiosa
  • ventricularis
21
Q

what is fibrosa of the valves?

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

22
Q

what is spongiosa in the valves?

A

loose fibrous connective tissue

23
Q

what is ventricularis in the valves?

A

collagen and elastin fibres (on ventricular surface)

Histology (16 decks)

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