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Histology > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the GI tract (inside -> out)?

A
  1. lumen
  2. basement membrane
  3. epithelium
  4. lamina propria
  5. muscularis mucosa
  6. submucosa
  7. inner muscularis propria
  8. outer muscularis propria
  9. adventitia
  10. (serosa)
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2
Q

what is the lamina propria?

A

loose fibrous connective tissue

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3
Q

what is the muscularis mucosa?

A

smooth muscle

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4
Q

what is the submucosa?

A

loose fibrous connective tissue

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5
Q

what is the inner muscularis propria?

A

circular smooth muscle

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6
Q

what is the outer muscularis propria?

A

longitudinal smooth muscle

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7
Q

what is the adventitia?

A

loose fibrous connective tissue

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8
Q

what is the serosa?

A

layer of mesothelial cells resting on a basement membrane (contains the peritoneum)

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9
Q

what type of epithelia lines the oral cavity?

A

keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

where are tumours in the mouth likely to have arisen from?

A

squamous epithelium

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11
Q

what is a squamous cell carcinoma?

A

malignant tumour of an epithelial surface

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12
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the salivary glands?

A

secretory glandular

- not squamous (so it can produce secretions)

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13
Q

describe the histological structure of secretory glandular epithelia

A
  • lots of cytoplasm and granules

- ducts (big lumen)

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14
Q

where do secretions in the salivary gland collect?

A

ducts

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15
Q

what is Sjorgen’s syndrome?

A

autoimmune disease of the salivary glands

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16
Q

what types of muscle are found in the oesophagus?

A
  • longitudinal

- circular

17
Q

what type of epithelia lines the oesophagus?

A
  • squamous

robust and does not wear away easily

18
Q

what type of glands are found in the oesophagus and what are their function?

A

mucus

- lubricates food as it gets swallowed

19
Q

what is different about the muscularis propria in the stomach?

A

has 3 layers not 2:

  • innermost oblique
  • middle circular
  • outer longitudinal
20
Q

what is the function of the gastric fundus mucosa?

A
  • fundic glands produce mucus

buffers between the acid of the lumen of the stomach and the squamous epithelium

21
Q

what is the function of the gastric body mucosa?

A

contains specialised cells:

  1. parietal cells
    - secrete HCl
  2. chief cells
    - secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase
    - HCl breaks down pepsinogen into its active form (pepsin)
22
Q

what is the function of the gastric antrum mucosa?

A

glands produce protective layers of mucin

no acid/enzymes

23
Q

describe the structure of the intestinal walls

A
  1. lumen
  2. mucosa (epithelium)
  3. submucosa
  4. muscularis propria
  5. serosal surface
24
Q

where can endocrine cells be found in the intestine?

A

mucosa (glandular epithelium)

25
Q

what is the function of the endocrine cells in the intestine?

A

have some effect on:

  • way the gut moves
  • timing of digestion & movement
26
Q

what controls the muscularis propria?

A

autonomic nervous system

27
Q

where can ganglion cells and interstitial cells of cajal be found?

A

muscularis propria of intestines

28
Q

what is the function of ganglion cells in the intestines?

A

make the bowel move

29
Q

what is the function of the intestitial cells of cajal in the intestines?

A

pacemaker cells

30
Q

what does the serosal surface of the intestines contain?

A
  • veins
  • arteries
  • mesenteries
31
Q

what is the arrangement of the glandular mucosa?

A

crypts

32
Q

which parts of the small intestine have pancreatic ducts?

A

duodenum

33
Q

what is the structure of the duodenum in an individual with coeliac disease?

A
  • no villi
  • larger crypts (trying to replace lost cells)
  • extra lymphocytes

Histology (16 decks)

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