Key Terms Flashcards
what is the function of actin?
forms microfilaments
what is the structure of actin?
globular G-protein
what is the mitochondrial cristae?
folded inner membrane of mitochondria
what is the function of the cytoskeleton?
supports cell shape
what is cytosol?
fluid matrix of the cell
what is the structure and function of euchromatin?
- light and unwound chromatin
- transcriptionally active
what is the structure and function of golgi apparatus?
- parallel stacks of membrane
- processes and stores macromolecules synthesised in ER
what is the structure and function of heterochromatin?
- dark and condensed chromatin
- transcriptionally inactive
what is the function of medial golgi?
forms oligosaccharides by adding sugars to lipids and peptides
what is the structure and function of microfilaments?
- made of actin
- helps cell membrane to maintain its shape
what is the structure and function of microtubules?
- made of tubulin
- scaffold for chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
what is the structure and function of mitochondrial matrix?
- space between cristae
- Krebs’ cycle
what is the structure and function of nuclear lamina?
- filamentous proteins
- scaffold to maintain inner nuclear membrane’s spherical shape
what is the function of the nucleolus?
site of ribosomal RNA formation
what is the structure of nucleosome?
regular repeating globular structures comprised of DNA and histones
what happens in the outer mitochondrial membrane?
- lipid synthesis
- fatty acid metabolism
what is the structure and function of peroxisome?
- vesicle
- contains enzymes that oxidise long-chain fatty acids
what is the structure and function of RER?
- highly folded flattened membrane sheets studded with ribosomes
- protein synthesis
what is the structure and function of SER?
- highly folded flattened membrane sheets
- lipid synthesis
what is the structure and function of trans golgi network?
- outer part of golgi
- proteolysis
- sorts macromolecules into vesicles that bud from surface
what is lipofuscin?
membrane bound orange-brown pigment
- forms as a result of peroxidation of lipids in older cells
how long do cells in the lining of the gut last?
days
what shape are fusiform cells?
spindle-shaped / elliptical
what shape are polygonal cells?
irregular
what is the function of epithelial tissue?
- protection
- absorption
- secretion
what is blood serum?
plasma minus the clotting factors
what do all blood cells derive from?
haemocytoblast (haematopoetic stem cell)
what component does eosin stain and what colour?
- cytoplasm, extracellular fibres
- pink
what component does haemotoxylin stain and what colour?
- nuclei
- acidic substances within cells (e.g. RNA)
- blue
what component does period acid schiff stain and what colour?
- sugars
- basement membranes
- magenta
what component does silver stain and what colour?
- reticulin
- silver
what type of cell has a reniform nucleus?
monocyte
what is the shape of a monocytic nucleus?
reniform
what is the shape of a neutrophilic nucleus?
multi-lobed
what is the shape of an eosinophilic nucleus?
bi-lobular
lozenge-shaped
what is the shape of a basophilic nucleus?
bi-lobed
what is peritoneum?
simple squamous mesothelial cells
what is the difference between epithelium and mesothelium?
- epithelium lines body surfaces & the insides of body cavities
- mesothelium covers the outside of organs
what does the pleura cover?
external surface of lungs
what does pericardium cover?
external surface of heart
what are 3 types of mesothelium?
- pleura
- peritoneum
- pericardium
what does visceral peritoneum cover?
external surface of organs of the gut
what does parietal peritoneum line?
front of the abdominal cavity
what stains goblet cells blue?
perl’s prussian blue
what does nebulin bind to?
actin
what does titin bind to?
myosin
