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Histology > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of actin?

A

forms microfilaments

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2
Q

what is the structure of actin?

A

globular G-protein

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3
Q

what is the mitochondrial cristae?

A

folded inner membrane of mitochondria

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4
Q

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

supports cell shape

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5
Q

what is cytosol?

A

fluid matrix of the cell

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6
Q

what is the structure and function of euchromatin?

A
  • light and unwound chromatin

- transcriptionally active

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7
Q

what is the structure and function of golgi apparatus?

A
  • parallel stacks of membrane

- processes and stores macromolecules synthesised in ER

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8
Q

what is the structure and function of heterochromatin?

A
  • dark and condensed chromatin

- transcriptionally inactive

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9
Q

what is the function of medial golgi?

A

forms oligosaccharides by adding sugars to lipids and peptides

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10
Q

what is the structure and function of microfilaments?

A
  • made of actin

- helps cell membrane to maintain its shape

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11
Q

what is the structure and function of microtubules?

A
  • made of tubulin

- scaffold for chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

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12
Q

what is the structure and function of mitochondrial matrix?

A
  • space between cristae

- Krebs’ cycle

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13
Q

what is the structure and function of nuclear lamina?

A
  • filamentous proteins

- scaffold to maintain inner nuclear membrane’s spherical shape

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14
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus?

A

site of ribosomal RNA formation

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15
Q

what is the structure of nucleosome?

A

regular repeating globular structures comprised of DNA and histones

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16
Q

what happens in the outer mitochondrial membrane?

A
  • lipid synthesis

- fatty acid metabolism

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17
Q

what is the structure and function of peroxisome?

A
  • vesicle

- contains enzymes that oxidise long-chain fatty acids

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18
Q

what is the structure and function of RER?

A
  • highly folded flattened membrane sheets studded with ribosomes
  • protein synthesis
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19
Q

what is the structure and function of SER?

A
  • highly folded flattened membrane sheets

- lipid synthesis

20
Q

what is the structure and function of trans golgi network?

A
  • outer part of golgi
  • proteolysis
  • sorts macromolecules into vesicles that bud from surface
21
Q

what is lipofuscin?

A

membrane bound orange-brown pigment

- forms as a result of peroxidation of lipids in older cells

22
Q

how long do cells in the lining of the gut last?

A

days

23
Q

what shape are fusiform cells?

A

spindle-shaped / elliptical

24
Q

what shape are polygonal cells?

A

irregular

25
Q

what is the function of epithelial tissue?

A
  • protection
  • absorption
  • secretion
26
Q

what is blood serum?

A

plasma minus the clotting factors

27
Q

what do all blood cells derive from?

A

haemocytoblast (haematopoetic stem cell)

28
Q

what component does eosin stain and what colour?

A
  • cytoplasm, extracellular fibres

- pink

29
Q

what component does haemotoxylin stain and what colour?

A
  • nuclei
  • acidic substances within cells (e.g. RNA)
  • blue
30
Q

what component does period acid schiff stain and what colour?

A
  • sugars
  • basement membranes
  • magenta
31
Q

what component does silver stain and what colour?

A
  • reticulin

- silver

32
Q

what type of cell has a reniform nucleus?

A

monocyte

33
Q

what is the shape of a monocytic nucleus?

A

reniform

34
Q

what is the shape of a neutrophilic nucleus?

A

multi-lobed

35
Q

what is the shape of an eosinophilic nucleus?

A

bi-lobular

lozenge-shaped

36
Q

what is the shape of a basophilic nucleus?

A

bi-lobed

37
Q

what is peritoneum?

A

simple squamous mesothelial cells

38
Q

what is the difference between epithelium and mesothelium?

A
  • epithelium lines body surfaces & the insides of body cavities
  • mesothelium covers the outside of organs
39
Q

what does the pleura cover?

A

external surface of lungs

40
Q

what does pericardium cover?

A

external surface of heart

41
Q

what are 3 types of mesothelium?

A
  • pleura
  • peritoneum
  • pericardium
42
Q

what does visceral peritoneum cover?

A

external surface of organs of the gut

43
Q

what does parietal peritoneum line?

A

front of the abdominal cavity

44
Q

what stains goblet cells blue?

A

perl’s prussian blue

45
Q

what does nebulin bind to?

A

actin

46
Q

what does titin bind to?

A

myosin

Histology (16 decks)

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