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Year 4 Dermatology > Skin and systemic disease > Flashcards

Skin and systemic disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

manifestations of DM in the skin

A 
infection - erysipelas, cellulitis, candidiasis
ulcers
necribiosis lipoidica 
xanthomata 
acanthosis nigricans
diabetic dermopathy (brown atrophic lesions)
bullar 
granuloma annulare 
angiopathy 
sensory loss
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2
Q

what is necrobiosis lipoidica

A 
collagen becomes inflamed and you get a granulomatous inflammatory reaction
anterior shins 
shiny waxy yellow indurated appearance 
telangiectasias
can ulcerate
difficult to heal 
does not correlate with diabetic control
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3
Q

what is acanthosis nigricans

A

darkened thickened velvety skin in flexural areas
hyperpigmentation
type 1 - paraneoplastic
type 2 - insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome

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4
Q

causes of acanthosis nigricans

A 
DM
GI malignancy 
PCOS 
obesity 
insulin resistance
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5
Q

manifestations of hyperthyroidism in the skin

A 
warm moist smooth skin 
facial flushing 
palmar erythema 
diffuse alopecia 
hyperhidrosis 
pruritis 
chronic urticaria 
pretibial myoedema in Graves disease
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6
Q

what is pretibial myxoedema

A

purple / brown indurated waxy thicker nodules/plaques on anterior shins
sluggish circulation in the legs, antibodies accumulate there

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7
Q

manifestations of hypothyroidism in the skin

A 
cold, dry rough skin 
xerosis 
dry course brittle hair 
loss of lateral 1/3rd of eyebrow 
facial puffiness 
periorbital oedema
generalised myxoedema
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8
Q

cutaneous features of SLE

A 
malar rash 
photosensitivity 
alopecia 
ulcers 
nail fold capillaries
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9
Q

cutaneous features of dermatomyositis

A 
eyelid oedema 
heliotrope rash around the eyes
Gottrons papules over knuckles 
shawl sign 
dilated nail fold capillaries 
photosensitivity
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10
Q

investigations for dermatomyositis

A

CK
malignancy screen - paraneoplastic
breast, GI, colon, lung

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11
Q

cutaneous features of systemic sclerosis

A 
sclerodactyly 
telangiectasia 
periunual telangiectasia 
Raynauds phenomenon
beaked nose 
furrowing of the mouth
calcinosis
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12
Q

list skin manifestations of malignancy

A

Cutaneous t cell lymphoma - mycosis fungoides
Paget’s disease of the nipple
cutaneous metastatic deposits
Kaposi sarcoma

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13
Q

appearance of CTCL

A 
patch --> plaque --> tumour
dry 
may resemble atypical eczema then psoriasis
unresponsive to emollients and steroids
can cause erythroderma
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14
Q

appearance of Paget’s disease of the nipple

A

eczematous eruption around the nipple

unilateral

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15
Q

skin manifestations of HIV

A 
infections - HSV, molluscum, fungal, staph, candidiasis 
seborrhoeic dermatitis 
new/worsening psoriasis 
dry skin / pruritis 
Kaposi's sarcoma
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16
Q

appearance of vasculitis in the skin

A

non blanching purpuric rash usually on lower limbs
+- bullae, necrosis
painful palpable purpura

17
Q

appearance of livedo reticularis

A

mottled cyanotic network exacerbated by the cold

anything that causes sluggish blood flow

18
Q

causes of livedo reticularis

A 
prolonged heat e.g. hot water bottle 
APLS
cardiac failure
vascular emboli 
drugs 
arteritis 
infections
19
Q

what is erythema nodosum

A 
painful erythematous subcutaneous nodules on shins
panniculitis 
no scaling or epidermal involvement 
need to go deep for a biopsy
usually bilateral
20
Q

commonest cause of erythema nodosum

A

COCP

21
Q

other causes of erythema nodosum

A 
IBD 
TB 
sarcoidosis 
drugs - OCP
infections - URTI
idiopathic
22
Q

what are xanthomata

A

indicative of underlying lipid metabolism disorders

can be seen around the eyes or on the arms

23
Q

management of cellulitis/erysipelas

A

PO or IV antibiotics

24
Q

management of necrobiosis lipoidica

A 
optimising diabetic control
topical steroids 
- potential for skin thinning 
tacrolimus 
- steroid sparing
25
Q

management of necrobiosis lipoidica

A 
optimising diabetic control
topical steroids 
- potential for skin thinning 
tacrolimus / protopic
- steroid sparing
26
Q

Cutaneous manifestation of Addisons disease

A

diffuse hyperpigmentation
palmar crease and buccal pigmentation
from increased ACTH which also increases MSH

27
Q

CDLE features

Chronic discoid lupus erythrematosus

A 
found on sun exposed sites 
erythematous indurated plaques 
follicular plugging 
heals with scarring 
biopsy and IMF 
\+- ANA serology
28
Q

management of CDLE

A

topical very/potent steroids
PO HCQ
sun protection

29
Q

subacute cutaneous lupus erythrematosus

A

sun exposed sites
more likely to have positive serology
more spread and diffuse than CDLE
polycyclic rash

30
Q

what disease group are nail fold capillaries associated with

A

CTD

31
Q

morphoea

A

very localised scleroderma

32
Q

SS in skin changes only

A

scleroderma

33
Q

what is erythema multiforme

A

targetoid lesions
symmetrically in distal sites
minor - skin
major - skin and mucosa

34
Q

triggers of erythema multiforme

A

HSV
mycoplasma
TB
drugs - sulphonamide

35
Q

features of cholestatic jaundice

A 
yellow
striae 
ascites 
excoriations 
?underlying malignancy
36
Q

erythema gyratum repens

A

active mobile rash

underlying lung cancer

Year 4 Dermatology (16 decks)

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