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Year 4 Dermatology > Dermatitis / Eczema > Flashcards

Dermatitis / Eczema Flashcards

1
Q

what is seen on a biopsy of dermatitis

A

spongiosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate

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2
Q

4 hallmark symptoms of eczema

A

itchy
erythematous
ill defined
scaly

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3
Q

symptoms of acute eczema

A

vesicles
erythematous
oedema and weeping
ooze, scale, crust

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4
Q

symptoms of chronic eczema

A

lichenification
excoriations
elevated plaques
increased scaling

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5
Q

There are many different subtypes of eczema / dermatitis, true or false

A

true

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6
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is contact allergic dermatitis (CAD)

A

type 4 - T cell mediated

delayed

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7
Q

examples of allergens in CAD

A

nickel, creams, plants, latex, fragrance…

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8
Q

what investigation can be done for CAD and what is involved

A

patch testing
patches with different chemicals are placed on the patients back and removed after 48 hours
Check for results after 96 hours

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9
Q

what is irritant contact dermatitis (ICD)

A

non-specific physical irritation rather than an allergy

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10
Q

CAD and ICD are hard to differentiate, true or false

A

true

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11
Q

examples of irritants in ICD

A

soap, urine, water, cleaning products, chemicals, detergents

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12
Q

in a nappy rash and ICD, there is flexural involvement, true or false

A

false, there is flexural sparing

involvement of flexures would suggest a fungal infection

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13
Q

what is the pathology behind atopic eczema

A

filaggrin mutation

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14
Q

symptoms of atopic eczema

A 
itch 
dry skin 
scaly 
erythema
poorly defined edges
impaired QoL
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15
Q

eczema commonly affects the flexures/extensors?

A

flexures

cubital fossae, behind knees, earlobes, ankles, wrists

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16
Q

what is pompholyx

A

acute eczema that is weeping

17
Q

what is eczema herpeticum and what does it look like

A

HSV infection on top of eczema
monomorphic punched out lesions
emergency

18
Q

management of atopic eczema

A 
education 
topical: emollients, steroids 
phototherapy 
immunosuppressants 
biologics
19
Q

what is lichen simplex

A

dry scaly itchy skin from repetitive itching

20
Q

what is discoid eczema

A

well defined circumscribed areas of dry skin

21
Q

what is asteatotic eczema

A

very dry skin seen in the elderly

especially in winter

22
Q

what is photosensitive eczema

A

chronic actinic dermatitis

seen in sun exposed areas

23
Q

what is stasis eczema

A

results from poor venous drainage

24
Q

what is seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

flaky skin seen on the scalp, nasal ridges due to infection with malassezia yeast
can be confused for dandruff

25
Q

what are different causes of itch

A

pruritoceptive
neuropathic
neurogenic
psychogenic

26
Q

what is pruritoceptive itch

A

inflammation / dryness in the skin causing an itch

27
Q

what is neuropathic itch

A

damage to central or peripheral nerves causing itch

28
Q

what is neurogenic itch

A

CNS itself is not damaged but CNS receptors mediate itch

29
Q

what is psychogenic itch

A

no physical damage

psychological causes e.g. delusion of infestation

30
Q

management of pruritis

A

antihistamines
emollients
phototherapy
antidepressants

31
Q

what is the atopy triad

A

eczema
asthma
hayfever

32
Q

what is the cardinal symptom of eczema

A

itch

33
Q

what is ichthyosis vulgaris

A

extremely dry skin - fish scale
filaggrin deficiency
has a strong association with atopic eczema

34
Q

exacerbating factors of atopic eczema

A 
irritants 
xerosis 
heat --> sweat 
infection 
stress 
diet - milk and egg allergy in infants
scratching 
inhalant agents
35
Q

how much skin area does 1 FTU of steroid cover

A

2 hands

36
Q

what steroid sparing agents can be used instead of topical steroids

A

tacrolimus / protopic

37
Q

antihistamines are contraindicated in under 6 month olds, true or false

A

true - cot death

Year 4 Dermatology (16 decks)

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