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Biomedical Science 1 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 7 functions of the skin?

A
  1. Excretion via sweat
  2. Physical protection
  3. Water retention
  4. Sensory information
  5. Barrier against UV
  6. Temperature regulation
  7. Manufactures vitamin D
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2
Q

What are the 2 layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of skin?

A
  1. Thick Skin

2. Thin Skin

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4
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Palms of the hand and soles of the feet

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5
Q

Besides thickness, what is the major difference between thick and thin skin?

A

Absence of hair follicles on thick skin

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6
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous keratinising epithelium

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7
Q

What are the 4 cell types present in the epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Merkel Cells
  4. Langerhans Cells
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8
Q

What is the function of keratinocytes?

A

Produce keratin

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9
Q

What is the function of keratin?

A

Helps with water retention and waterproofing of skin

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10
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Synthesise pigment melanin

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11
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Protect against UV

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12
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Basal layer of the epidermis

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13
Q

Where is melanin stores?

A

Melanosomes

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14
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

Part of the immune system

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15
Q

What is the function of Merkle cells?

A

Function as mechanoreceptors i.e. detect shape

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16
Q

What are the 5 strata of the epidermis in ascending order?

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Lucidum (Thick Skin only)
  5. Stratum Corneum
17
Q

What cells are found in the stratum basale?

A

Single layer of cuboidal cells

18
Q

What binds stratum basale to the basal lamina and dermis?

A

Hemidesmosomes

19
Q

At what strata of the skin does active cell division take place?

A

Stratum basale

20
Q

What cells are found in the stratum spinosum?

A

2-8 layers of prickle cells

21
Q

What causes cells to have a prickle appearance in stratum spinosum?

A

Desmosomes hold cells together but the rest of the membrane contracts

22
Q

What cells are found in the stratum granulosum?

A

2-3 layers of squamous cells

23
Q

At what strata does the nucleus being to break down?

A

Stratum granulosum

24
Q

What cells are found in the stratum corneum?

A

Cells with no organelles composed almost entirely of keratin

25
Q

What is the function of the lamellar body?

A

Produce lipids which are secreted to waterproof skin

26
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis?

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

27
Q

Name 5 elements contained within the dermis

A
  1. Fibroblast
  2. Collagen fibres
  3. Elastic fibres
  4. Nerve fibres
  5. Blood and lymphatic vessels
28
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary

2. Reticular

29
Q

What is the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

Superficial region which interdigitates with epidermal ridges

30
Q

What is the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Deeper region which is attached to underlying hypodermis

31
Q

What is the function of collagen fibres in the dermis?

A

Provide high tensile strength

32
Q

What is the function of elastic fibres in the dermis?

A

Provide elasticity and recoil of skin

33
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Connective tissue layer immediately deep to skin

34
Q

Name 3 epidermal appendages

A
  1. Sweat glands
  2. Hair follicles
  3. Sebaceous glands
35
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat gland?

A
  1. Merocrine

2. Apocrine

36
Q

What is the arrector pili muscle?

A

Muscle found at the base of hair follicle which allows it to stand

37
Q

What is the function of the sebaceous gland?

A

Secrete sebum onto hair follicle

38
Q

Name 3 functions of sebum

A
  1. Soften and lubricate hair
  2. Slow water loss
  3. Bactericidal function
39
Q

What word best describes sebaceous glands with regards to their release of sebum

A

Holocrine

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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