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Biomedical Science 1 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 4 functions of muscles?

A
  1. Movement
  2. Maintain posture
  3. Stabilise joints
  4. Generate heat
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2
Q

What are the 3 muscle types/

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
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3
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Enlargement

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4
Q

What are 3 main histological features of skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Myofibres have cross striations
  2. Myofibres are long, unbranched and multinucleated
  3. Nuclei occur at periphery of fibre
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5
Q

What is the hierarchy of skeletal muscle in descending order?

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Muscle fascicle
  3. Muscle fibre
  4. Myofibril
  5. Myofilaments
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6
Q

Name 2 myofilaments

A
  1. Actin

2. Myosin

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7
Q

Name 3 types of CT of skeletal muscles

A
  1. Epimysium
  2. Perimysium
  3. Endomysium
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8
Q

What is epimysium?

A

Connective tissue which surrounds the outside of an entire muscle

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9
Q

What is perimysium?

A

Connective tissue which surrounds the outside of a muscle fascicle

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10
Q

What is endomysium?

A

Connective tissue which surrounds the outside of a muscle fibre

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11
Q

What is the I band?

A

Composed of actin myofilaments anchored to the Z-line

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12
Q

What is the A band?

A

Overlap of actin anchored to the Z-line and myosin anchored to the M-line

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13
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

Distance between two Z-lines

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14
Q

What is the only band that remains the same length when a muscle contracts?

A

A band

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15
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane of a muscle fibre

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16
Q

What are transverse tubules?

A

Tubular invaginations of the sarcolemma

17
Q

What is the function of transverse tubules?

A

Carry a wave of depolarisation into the muscle fibre

18
Q

What is the sarcoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm of muscle fibre

19
Q

Name 4 structures found in the sarcoplasm

A
  1. Myofibrils
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  4. Myoglobin
20
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

The heart

21
Q

Name 3 histological features of cardiac muscle

A
  1. Striated
  2. Branched cells joined by intercalated discs
  3. Nucleus positioned centrally in the fibre
22
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Adhesion specialisations comprising fascia adherens and nexus

23
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Tubular organs

24
Q

Name 3 histological features of smooth muscle

A
  1. Non-striated
  2. Spindle shaped cells
  3. Corkscrew shaped nucleus
25
Q

What do myofilaments attach to in smooth muscle?

A

Dense bodies

26
Q

How do dense bodies connect to each other?

A

Intermediate filaments

27
Q

What are the equivalent of T-tubules in smooth muscle?

A

Caveolae

28
Q

Where are most organelles stored in smooth muscle?

A

Poles of the nucleus

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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