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Biomedical Science 1 > Nerve > Flashcards

Nerve Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system?

A
  1. Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

What are the 2 principal cells of nerve tissue?

A
  1. Neurones

2. Neuroglial Cells

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3
Q

Name 5 types of neuroglial cells

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Schwann Cell
  3. Ependymal Cell
  4. Microglia
  5. Oligodendrocytes
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4
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a neuron?

A
  1. Body
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
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5
Q

What is an alternative name for a cell body?

A

Soma

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6
Q

What are 2 ways to classify neurons?

A
  1. Structurally

2. Functionally

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7
Q

What are 3 structural classifications of neurons?

A
  1. Bipolar
  2. Multipolar
  3. Pseudounipolar
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8
Q

What 3 senses are typically related to bipolar neurons?

A
  1. Sight
  2. Sound
  3. Balance
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9
Q

What is the typical function of multipolar neurons?

A

Motor neuronal function

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10
Q

What is the typical function of pseudounipolar neurons?

A

Sensory neuronal function

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11
Q

Where is 1 place that pseudounipolar neurons found?

A

Dorsal root ganglions

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12
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

Combination of free ribosomes and rough ER found in neuron cell body

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13
Q

Where are organelles found in the neuron?

A

Cell body - Can be in dendrite but never axon

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14
Q

What is the function of an axon?

A

Transmit an electrical impulse from cell body to axonal ending

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15
Q

What is the function of neurotubules?

A

Facilitate rapid transport of synaptic vesicles along axon

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16
Q

What produces the myelin sheath?

A

Schwann Cells / Oligodendrocytes

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17
Q

What is myelin?

A

Lipid rich insulator

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18
Q

What is the function of myelin?

A

Allows for increased conduction velocity of electrical impulse along axon

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19
Q

What is the gap between one myelinating cell and the next called?

A

Node of Ranvier

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20
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Protective layer surrounding the entire nerve

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21
Q

What type of CT is epineurium?

A

Dense Irregular CT

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22
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

Protective layer surrounding the nerve fascicle

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23
Q

What type of CT is perineurium?

A

Loose CT

24
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Protective layer which occurs between the nerve fibres within each fascicle

25
Q

What type of CT is endoneurium?

A

Loose CT

26
Q

What is the function of the dorsal root of peripheral nerves?

A

Receive sensory information

27
Q

What is the function of the ventral root of peripheral nerves?

A

Send out motor signals

28
Q

In what part of the nervous system do Schwann cells act?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

29
Q

In what part of the nervous system do oligodendrocytes act?

A

Central Nervous System

30
Q

Name 4 types of neuronal ending

A
  1. Synapse
  2. Motor End Plate
  3. Muscle Spindles
  4. Sensory Endings
31
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Regions at the end of some axons which transmit nerve impulse from one neuron to another

32
Q

How does a synapse communicate with another neuron?

A

Via transmitter substance

33
Q

What is a motor end plate?

A

Junction between an axon and a muscle fibre surface

34
Q

How does a motor end plate arise?

A
  • Axon becomes unmyelinated
  • Neuromuscular bulb rests on depression within muscle
  • Transmitter acts similarly to synapse
35
Q

What is muscle spindle?

A

Specialised muscle fibres lying within a CT capsule

36
Q

What is the function of muscle spindle?

A

Detect stretch in a specific muscle

37
Q

What is the function of motor neurons of muscle spindle?

A

Prevent overstretching of a muscle to prevent tear

38
Q

Name 3 sensory endings

A
  1. Pacinian Corpuscle
  2. Meissner’s Corpuscle
  3. Nociceptors
39
Q

Where is the Pacinian corpuscle found?

A

Deep in the dermis

40
Q

What is the function of the Pacinian corpuscle?

A

Deformation

41
Q

Name 3 locations where the Meissner’s corpuscle is found

A
  1. Fingertips
  2. Lips
  3. Just under epidermis
42
Q

What is the function of Meissner’s corpuscle?

A

Touch receptor

43
Q

What is the function of a nociceptor?

A

Detect pain

44
Q

Name 1 area where nociceptors are found

A

Pulp cavity of teeth

45
Q

Give 2 differences between how Schwann cells function and how oligodendrocytes function

A
  1. Unmyelinated axons in CNS have no support from oligodendrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons at once
46
Q

What are 2 types of astrocytes?

A
  1. Fibrous - White matter

2. Protoplasmic - Grey matter

47
Q

What are 2 functions of astrocytes?

A
  1. Blood-brain barrier

2. Restrain spread of electrical disturbance in areas surrounding synapses and unmyelinated axons

48
Q

What happens when microglia cells are activated?

A

Become macrophage and antigen-presenting cells

49
Q

What happens during MS with regards to microglia cells?

A

Degrade myelin debris

50
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

Secrete cerebrospinal fluid

51
Q

Describe ependymal cells

A

Low columnar, ciliated, epithelium-like cells which line cavities of CNS

52
Q

What type of CT is dura mater?

A

Dense CT

53
Q

What type of CT is pia mater?

A

Loose CT

54
Q

Describe arachnoid mater

A

2 components

  • Layer in contact with dura
  • System of trabeculae connecting to pia mater
  • Cavity between trabeculae is filled with CSF
55
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

Invaginated folds of pia mater that penetrate ventricles of brain

56
Q

What is the main function of CSF?

A

Hold brain in situ to reduce weight

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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