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Biomedical Science 1 > Ordinary Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ordinary Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. Extracellular matrix which connects organs and cells
  2. Support
  3. Facilitates cellular defence mechanisms
  4. Repair
  5. Avenue for communication and transport
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2
Q

What are the 2 umbrella classifications of CT?

A
  1. Ordinary

2. Connective

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3
Q

What are 3 types of ordinary CT?

A
  1. Loose areolar
  2. Dense regular
  3. Dense irregular
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4
Q

Name 5 types of specialised CT

A
  1. Adipose tissue
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Dentin
  5. Endothelium
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5
Q

What are 3 structural elements of CT?

A
  1. Cells
  2. Fibres
  3. Ground Substance
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6
Q

What are 3 types of fibres present in CT?

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Reticular
  3. Elastic
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7
Q

What forms reticular fibres?

A

Type 3 Collagen

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8
Q

What 4 things make up the ground substance?

A
  1. Hydrated gel
  2. GAGs
  3. Proteoglycans
  4. Glycoproteins
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9
Q

What is the principle cell of ordinary CT?

A

Fibroblast

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10
Q

What 2 things do fibroblasts produce?

A
  1. Collagen and elastic fibres

2. Ground substance

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11
Q

What are quiescent fibres known as?

A

Fibrocyte

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12
Q

What does quiescent mean?

A

Inactive

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13
Q

Name 2 main features of collagen fibres

A
  1. High tensile strength

2. Stretch resistant

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14
Q

Name 2 main features of elastic fibres

A
  1. Allows for stretch and recoil

2. Long, thin fibres

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15
Q

Where are reticular fibres usually found?

A

Vascular organs

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16
Q

How many different types of collagen are there?

A

Over 25

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17
Q

What is the function of type 1 collagen?

A

Provide tensile strength

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18
Q

What is the function of type 3 collagen?

A

First collagen secreted in wound healing

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19
Q

What is the function of type 7 collagen?

A

Form anchoring fibrils

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20
Q

Where is type 2 collagen found?

A

Hyaline and elastic cartilage

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21
Q

Where is type 4 collagen found?

A

Basal lamella

22
Q

Which type of collagen has a particular affinity for silver salts?

A

Type 3 - Reticulin

23
Q

What is the order of formation of molecules to create a collagen fibre?

A
  1. Three collagen molecules
  2. Procollagen
  3. Tropocollagen
  4. Collagen fibrils
  5. Collagen fibre
24
Q

What forms procollagen?

A

Three individual collagen molecules

25
How is procollagen converted to tropocollagen?
Proteolytic enzymes cleave propeptides
26
How do tropocollagen molecules produce collagen fibrils?
Align into staggered linear arrays
27
What offers high tensile strength in collagen?
Covalent cross-linking
28
What is the main component of elastic fibres?
Elastin
29
What covers the elastin core?
The glycoprotein fibrillin
30
Name 3 locations of elastic fibres
1. Dermis 2. Aorta 3. Lungs
31
What is different about type 3 collagen?
Does not form bundles
32
Name 2 CT disorders related to collagen
1. Scurvy | 2. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
33
Name a CT disorder related to elastin
Marfan Syndrome
34
What is ground substance of CT?
Highly hydrated gel
35
What are 2 functions of ground substance in CT?
1. Resists compressive forces on matrix | 2. Functions as molecular sieve
36
What are GAGs?
Unbranched, hydrophilic, polysaccharide chains
37
Name 4 GAGs
1. Hyaluronic acid 2. Keratan sulphate 3. Chondroitin sulphate 4. Heparin sulphate
38
What forms a proteoglycan molecule?
Protein core and one or more GAG
39
What are the 2 main functions of loose areolar CT?
1. Hold structures in place | 2. Packing framework for organ support
40
Describe loose areolar CT
Pliable and mesh-like with widely dispersed collagen and fibroblasts; abundance of ground substance
41
In what 2 areas would loose areolar CT be found?
1. Lamina propria below epithelia | 2. Surrounding capillaries
42
In what 3 areas would dense irregular CT be found?
1. Dermis 2. Submucosa of digestive tract 3. Periosteum / perichondrium
43
What is the predominant fibre found in dense CT?
Collagen
44
What is the advantage of dense irregular CT?
Withstands tension in different directions
45
What is the main difference between DICT and DRCT?
In DICT the collagen runs haphazardly but in DRCT the collagen fibres run in parallel
46
What is the advantage of dense regular CT?
Provides maximum tensile strength
47
In what 3 areas is dense regular CT found?
1. Ligaments 2. Tendons 3. Aponeuroses
48
What type of CT is adipose tissue?
Specialised CT
49
What makes up adipose tissue?
Fat cells called adipocytes
50
Name 3 functions of adipose tissue
1. Energy store 2. Insulation 3. Metabolism of brown fat produces heat in new-born
51
In what 4 areas is adipose tissue found?
1. Hypodermis 2. Around kidneys 3. Abdomen 4. Breasts

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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