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Biomedical Science 1 > Ordinary Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ordinary Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. Extracellular matrix which connects organs and cells
  2. Support
  3. Facilitates cellular defence mechanisms
  4. Repair
  5. Avenue for communication and transport
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2
Q

What are the 2 umbrella classifications of CT?

A
  1. Ordinary

2. Connective

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3
Q

What are 3 types of ordinary CT?

A
  1. Loose areolar
  2. Dense regular
  3. Dense irregular
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4
Q

Name 5 types of specialised CT

A
  1. Adipose tissue
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Dentin
  5. Endothelium
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5
Q

What are 3 structural elements of CT?

A
  1. Cells
  2. Fibres
  3. Ground Substance
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6
Q

What are 3 types of fibres present in CT?

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Reticular
  3. Elastic
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7
Q

What forms reticular fibres?

A

Type 3 Collagen

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8
Q

What 4 things make up the ground substance?

A
  1. Hydrated gel
  2. GAGs
  3. Proteoglycans
  4. Glycoproteins
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9
Q

What is the principle cell of ordinary CT?

A

Fibroblast

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10
Q

What 2 things do fibroblasts produce?

A
  1. Collagen and elastic fibres

2. Ground substance

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11
Q

What are quiescent fibres known as?

A

Fibrocyte

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12
Q

What does quiescent mean?

A

Inactive

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13
Q

Name 2 main features of collagen fibres

A
  1. High tensile strength

2. Stretch resistant

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14
Q

Name 2 main features of elastic fibres

A
  1. Allows for stretch and recoil

2. Long, thin fibres

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15
Q

Where are reticular fibres usually found?

A

Vascular organs

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16
Q

How many different types of collagen are there?

A

Over 25

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17
Q

What is the function of type 1 collagen?

A

Provide tensile strength

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18
Q

What is the function of type 3 collagen?

A

First collagen secreted in wound healing

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19
Q

What is the function of type 7 collagen?

A

Form anchoring fibrils

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20
Q

Where is type 2 collagen found?

A

Hyaline and elastic cartilage

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21
Q

Where is type 4 collagen found?

A

Basal lamella

22
Q

Which type of collagen has a particular affinity for silver salts?

A

Type 3 - Reticulin

23
Q

What is the order of formation of molecules to create a collagen fibre?

A
  1. Three collagen molecules
  2. Procollagen
  3. Tropocollagen
  4. Collagen fibrils
  5. Collagen fibre
24
Q

What forms procollagen?

A

Three individual collagen molecules

25
Q

How is procollagen converted to tropocollagen?

A

Proteolytic enzymes cleave propeptides

26
Q

How do tropocollagen molecules produce collagen fibrils?

A

Align into staggered linear arrays

27
Q

What offers high tensile strength in collagen?

A

Covalent cross-linking

28
Q

What is the main component of elastic fibres?

29
Q

What covers the elastin core?

A

The glycoprotein fibrillin

30
Q

Name 3 locations of elastic fibres

A
  1. Dermis
  2. Aorta
  3. Lungs
31
Q

What is different about type 3 collagen?

A

Does not form bundles

32
Q

Name 2 CT disorders related to collagen

A
  1. Scurvy

2. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

33
Q

Name a CT disorder related to elastin

A

Marfan Syndrome

34
Q

What is ground substance of CT?

A

Highly hydrated gel

35
Q

What are 2 functions of ground substance in CT?

A
  1. Resists compressive forces on matrix

2. Functions as molecular sieve

36
Q

What are GAGs?

A

Unbranched, hydrophilic, polysaccharide chains

37
Q

Name 4 GAGs

A
  1. Hyaluronic acid
  2. Keratan sulphate
  3. Chondroitin sulphate
  4. Heparin sulphate
38
Q

What forms a proteoglycan molecule?

A

Protein core and one or more GAG

39
Q

What are the 2 main functions of loose areolar CT?

A
  1. Hold structures in place

2. Packing framework for organ support

40
Q

Describe loose areolar CT

A

Pliable and mesh-like with widely dispersed collagen and fibroblasts; abundance of ground substance

41
Q

In what 2 areas would loose areolar CT be found?

A
  1. Lamina propria below epithelia

2. Surrounding capillaries

42
Q

In what 3 areas would dense irregular CT be found?

A
  1. Dermis
  2. Submucosa of digestive tract
  3. Periosteum / perichondrium
43
Q

What is the predominant fibre found in dense CT?

44
Q

What is the advantage of dense irregular CT?

A

Withstands tension in different directions

45
Q

What is the main difference between DICT and DRCT?

A

In DICT the collagen runs haphazardly but in DRCT the collagen fibres run in parallel

46
Q

What is the advantage of dense regular CT?

A

Provides maximum tensile strength

47
Q

In what 3 areas is dense regular CT found?

A
  1. Ligaments
  2. Tendons
  3. Aponeuroses
48
Q

What type of CT is adipose tissue?

A

Specialised CT

49
Q

What makes up adipose tissue?

A

Fat cells called adipocytes

50
Q

Name 3 functions of adipose tissue

A
  1. Energy store
  2. Insulation
  3. Metabolism of brown fat produces heat in new-born
51
Q

In what 4 areas is adipose tissue found?

A
  1. Hypodermis
  2. Around kidneys
  3. Abdomen
  4. Breasts

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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