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Biomedical Science 1 > Root Development > Flashcards

Root Development Flashcards

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1
Q

When does root development begin?

A

Once the crown has formed

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2
Q

What does the onset of root development coincide with?

A

Axial phase of tooth eruption

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3
Q

What is the axial phase of tooth eruption?

A

When the tooth breaks through the gum

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4
Q

What 3 components are involved in root development?

A
  1. Dental follicle
  2. Root sheath of Hertwig
  3. Dental papilla
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5
Q

What forms the root sheath of Hertwig?

A

Internal and external enamel epithelium at the cervical loop

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6
Q

How does the root sheath proliferate?

A

Apically

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7
Q

Why does the root sheath proliferate apically?

A

Map out the shape of the future root

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8
Q

How does a primary apical foramen subdivide to create multiple root patterns?

A

Ingrowth of shelves

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9
Q

How is root dentin formed?

A

Cells of internal enamel epithelium induce mesenchymal cells of papilla to differentiate into odontoblasts and produce root dentin

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10
Q

What 3 things occur once root dentinogenesis has begun?

A
  1. Root sheath loses continuity and separates from developing root dentin
  2. Epithelial cells of sheath disperse into small clusters - Epithelial cell rests of Malessez
  3. Mesenchymal cells differentiate into cementoblasts and produce cementum
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11
Q

What happens to any remaining cells in dental follicle once cemetogenesis has begun?

A

Differentiate into fibroblasts and produce collagen of periodontal ligament

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12
Q

Describe the vascularity and innervation of cementum

A

Avascular with no innervation

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13
Q

What are 3 functions of cementum?

A
  1. Provide attachment of collagen fibres of periodontal ligament
  2. Cover root surface
  3. Provide seal for open dentinal tubules
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14
Q

Name 3 ways that cementum can form a relationship with enamel

A
  1. Overlap
  2. Meet
  3. Gap
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15
Q

What is a potential problem with a gap between the enamel and cementum?

A

Due to gingival recession, dentinal tubules could become exposed

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16
Q

Describe the chemical properties of cementum

A

45% inorganic
33% organic
22% water

17
Q

Describe the inorganic component of cementum

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

18
Q

Describe 2 things found in the organic component of cementum

A
  1. Collagen Type I

2. GAGs

19
Q

What are 2 contributing factors to whether cementum is calcified?

A
  1. Presence / absence of cells

2. Nature and origin the organic matrix

20
Q

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary cementum?

A

Secondary cementum contains cells - cementoblasts / cementocytes

21
Q

Where does acellular cementum tend to be found?

A

Covering root adjacent to dentin

22
Q

Where 2 areas is cellular cementum likely to be found?

A
  1. Apical area overlying acellular cementum

2. Interradicular areas

23
Q

What is an interradicular area of a tooth?

A

The area between roots

24
Q

What 2 sources is the organic matter of cementum derived from?

A
  1. Sharpey’s fibres from PDL (extrinsic fibres)

2. Cementoblasts (intrinsic fibres)

25
Q

In what direction do Sharpey’s fibres run in cementum?

A

Same direction as principal fibres of PDL

26
Q

In what direction do cementoblasts run in cementum?

A

Parallel to root surface

27
Q

How do Sharpey’s fibres run with regards to cementoblasts?

A

Right angles

28
Q

What are the 2 main varieties of cementum found in human teeth?

A
  1. Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC)

2. Cellular intrinsic fibre cementum (CIFC)

29
Q

Where is collagen derived from in AEFC?

A

Sharpey’s fibre of the periodontal ligament

30
Q

What is the main function of AEFC?

A

Provide attachment of tooth to PDL

31
Q

What is CIFC composed of?

A

Intrinsic fibres

32
Q

What cell is contained within CIFC?

A

Cementocytes

33
Q

What are cementicles?

A

Small globular masses of cementum found on human roots

34
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A

Excessive production of cementum

35
Q

What is concrescence?

A

Fusion of roots of adjacent teeth due to loss of interdental bone

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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