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Biomedical Science 1 > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 locations of epithelium

A
  1. Covering and lining surfaces
  2. Covering and lining body tubes
  3. Glands and ducts
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2
Q

Name 2 epithelium-like tissues

A
  1. Endothelium

2. Mesothelium

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3
Q

Name 6 functions of epithelium

A
  1. Secretion
  2. Selective permeability
  3. Transport
  4. Absorption
  5. Protection
  6. Sensory perception
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4
Q

What are 5 general morphological features of epithelium?

A
  1. Cells are closely apposed
  2. Cells are polarised
  3. No intercellular spaces
  4. Basal regions lie on basement membrane
  5. Usually avascular
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5
Q

What are 3 ways to classify a lining epithelium?

A
  1. Number of cell layers
  2. Shape of most superficial cell with a nucleus
  3. Surface specialisations
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6
Q

What are 3 shapes of epithelium?

A
  1. Columnar
  2. Squamous
  3. Cuboidal
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7
Q

What are 3 surface specialisations of epithelium?

A
  1. Cilia
  2. Microvilli
  3. Keratin
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8
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

A

Single layer of flattened cells

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9
Q

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Facilitates passive diffusion of gases or fluids

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10
Q

Name 2 places where simple squamous epithelium found

A
  1. Lungs

2. Kidney

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11
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Single layer of cells where height and width are approximately equal

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12
Q

Name 2 places where simple cuboidal epithelium is found

A
  1. Small ducts

2. Tubules

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13
Q

What are the 3 main potential functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  1. Excretion
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
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14
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

Single layer of tall cells with the nucleus located basally

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15
Q

What are the 2 main potential functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Absorption

2. Secretion

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16
Q

Name 2 places where simple columnar epithelium is found

A
  1. GI Tract

2. Large Ducts

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17
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium?

A

Variant of simple columnar where cells appear as many layers but all make contact with basement membrane

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18
Q

Name 2 places where pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium is found

A
  1. Trachea

2. Bronchus

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19
Q

What is found on the apical surface of stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium?

A

Microridges

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20
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium?

A

Protection

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21
Q

Name 3 locations of stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium

A
  1. Oral Cavity
  2. Oesophagus
  3. Anal Canal
22
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous keratinising epithelium?

A

Protection

23
Q

Name 3 locations of stratified squamous keratinising epithelium

A
  1. Epidermis of skin
  2. Gingiva
  3. Dorsum of tongue
24
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Epithelium which transitions from stratified columnar to stratified squamous

25
What is the function of transitional epithelium?
Withstand stretch and toxicity of urine
26
Name 2 locations of transitional epithelium
1. Ureter | 2. Urinary Bladder
27
What are the 2 main types of gland?
1. Exocrine | 2. Endocrine
28
What is an exocrine gland?
Gland which secretes its products onto a surface via ducts
29
What is an endocrine gland?
Gland which secretes its products into the blood stream
30
What are 2 ways to classify an exocrine gland?
1. Duct | 2. Secretory Unit
31
What are the 2 classifications of ducts?
1. Simple - Unbranched | 2. Compound - Branched
32
What are the 2 classifications of secretory units?
1. Acinar | 2. Tubular
33
What are acinar secretory units?
Spherical mass of cells with a central lumen extending into a duct
34
What shape are acinar secretory units?
Hollow berry
35
What shape are tubular secretory units?
Test-tube shaped
36
Give an example of a simple tubular gland
Intestinal glands
37
Give an example of a simple branched tubular gland
Gastric glands of stomach
38
Give an example of a simple coiled tubular gland
Sweat glands
39
Give an example of a simple branched acinar gland
Sebaceous glands
40
Give an example of a compound tubular gland
Brunner's glands of duodenum
41
Give an example of a compound acinar gland
Exocrine portion of pancreas
42
Give an example of a compound tubuloacinar gland
Submandibular salivary gland
43
What are the 3 classifications of secretion from exocrine glands?
1. Mucous 2. Serous 3. Seromucous
44
What substance is found rich in mucous glands?
Mucopolysaccharides
45
What is the function of mucopolysaccharides?
Lubricate and protect
46
What substance is found rich in serous glands?
Enzymes
47
What is the arrangement of cells in a mucous gland?
Cuboidal cells around a central lumen with flattened nuclei at the base
48
What is the arrangement of cells in a serous gland?
Cuboidal cells around a central lumen with spherical nuclei
49
What are 3 methods of discharge from a gland?
1. Merocrine 2. Apocrine 3. Holocrine
50
What are 5 functions of the basement membrane?
1. Anchors epithelia 2. Defines cell polarity 3. Organise protein distribution 4. Promote cell survival and differentiation 5. Act as scaffold for regenerating cells to adhere to

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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