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Biomedical Science 1 > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 locations of epithelium

A
  1. Covering and lining surfaces
  2. Covering and lining body tubes
  3. Glands and ducts
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2
Q

Name 2 epithelium-like tissues

A
  1. Endothelium

2. Mesothelium

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3
Q

Name 6 functions of epithelium

A
  1. Secretion
  2. Selective permeability
  3. Transport
  4. Absorption
  5. Protection
  6. Sensory perception
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4
Q

What are 5 general morphological features of epithelium?

A
  1. Cells are closely apposed
  2. Cells are polarised
  3. No intercellular spaces
  4. Basal regions lie on basement membrane
  5. Usually avascular
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5
Q

What are 3 ways to classify a lining epithelium?

A
  1. Number of cell layers
  2. Shape of most superficial cell with a nucleus
  3. Surface specialisations
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6
Q

What are 3 shapes of epithelium?

A
  1. Columnar
  2. Squamous
  3. Cuboidal
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7
Q

What are 3 surface specialisations of epithelium?

A
  1. Cilia
  2. Microvilli
  3. Keratin
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8
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

A

Single layer of flattened cells

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9
Q

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Facilitates passive diffusion of gases or fluids

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10
Q

Name 2 places where simple squamous epithelium found

A
  1. Lungs

2. Kidney

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11
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Single layer of cells where height and width are approximately equal

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12
Q

Name 2 places where simple cuboidal epithelium is found

A
  1. Small ducts

2. Tubules

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13
Q

What are the 3 main potential functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  1. Excretion
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
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14
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

Single layer of tall cells with the nucleus located basally

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15
Q

What are the 2 main potential functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Absorption

2. Secretion

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16
Q

Name 2 places where simple columnar epithelium is found

A
  1. GI Tract

2. Large Ducts

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17
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium?

A

Variant of simple columnar where cells appear as many layers but all make contact with basement membrane

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18
Q

Name 2 places where pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium is found

A
  1. Trachea

2. Bronchus

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19
Q

What is found on the apical surface of stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium?

A

Microridges

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20
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium?

A

Protection

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21
Q

Name 3 locations of stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium

A
  1. Oral Cavity
  2. Oesophagus
  3. Anal Canal
22
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous keratinising epithelium?

A

Protection

23
Q

Name 3 locations of stratified squamous keratinising epithelium

A
  1. Epidermis of skin
  2. Gingiva
  3. Dorsum of tongue
24
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Epithelium which transitions from stratified columnar to stratified squamous

25
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

Withstand stretch and toxicity of urine

26
Q

Name 2 locations of transitional epithelium

A
  1. Ureter

2. Urinary Bladder

27
Q

What are the 2 main types of gland?

A
  1. Exocrine

2. Endocrine

28
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Gland which secretes its products onto a surface via ducts

29
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

Gland which secretes its products into the blood stream

30
Q

What are 2 ways to classify an exocrine gland?

A
  1. Duct

2. Secretory Unit

31
Q

What are the 2 classifications of ducts?

A
  1. Simple - Unbranched

2. Compound - Branched

32
Q

What are the 2 classifications of secretory units?

A
  1. Acinar

2. Tubular

33
Q

What are acinar secretory units?

A

Spherical mass of cells with a central lumen extending into a duct

34
Q

What shape are acinar secretory units?

A

Hollow berry

35
Q

What shape are tubular secretory units?

A

Test-tube shaped

36
Q

Give an example of a simple tubular gland

A

Intestinal glands

37
Q

Give an example of a simple branched tubular gland

A

Gastric glands of stomach

38
Q

Give an example of a simple coiled tubular gland

A

Sweat glands

39
Q

Give an example of a simple branched acinar gland

A

Sebaceous glands

40
Q

Give an example of a compound tubular gland

A

Brunner’s glands of duodenum

41
Q

Give an example of a compound acinar gland

A

Exocrine portion of pancreas

42
Q

Give an example of a compound tubuloacinar gland

A

Submandibular salivary gland

43
Q

What are the 3 classifications of secretion from exocrine glands?

A
  1. Mucous
  2. Serous
  3. Seromucous
44
Q

What substance is found rich in mucous glands?

A

Mucopolysaccharides

45
Q

What is the function of mucopolysaccharides?

A

Lubricate and protect

46
Q

What substance is found rich in serous glands?

A

Enzymes

47
Q

What is the arrangement of cells in a mucous gland?

A

Cuboidal cells around a central lumen with flattened nuclei at the base

48
Q

What is the arrangement of cells in a serous gland?

A

Cuboidal cells around a central lumen with spherical nuclei

49
Q

What are 3 methods of discharge from a gland?

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
50
Q

What are 5 functions of the basement membrane?

A
  1. Anchors epithelia
  2. Defines cell polarity
  3. Organise protein distribution
  4. Promote cell survival and differentiation
  5. Act as scaffold for regenerating cells to adhere to

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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