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Biomedical Science 1 > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the common embryonic origin of cartilage and bone?

A

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

What is the order of cell development which forms bone?

A
  1. Mesenchyme
  2. Osteoblast
  3. Osteocyte
  4. Bone
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3
Q

What is the order of cell development which forms cartilage?

A
  1. Mesenchyme
  2. Chondroblast
  3. Chondrocyte
  4. Cartilage
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4
Q

Name 4 features of cartilage

A
  1. Strong but slightly flexible
  2. Withstands compression forces
  3. Major role in endochondral ossification
  4. Avascular
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5
Q

How do chondroblasts change into chondrocytes?

A

Chondroblasts secrete ECM and become trapped inside to become chondrocytes

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6
Q

How do chondrocytes exist in the matrix?

A

Enclosed in lacunae

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
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8
Q

Name 3 places hyaline cartilage is found

A
  1. Articular surfaces of bone
  2. Trachea + Bronchus
  3. Costal cartilage
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9
Q

Name 2 places elastic cartilage is found

A
  1. Pinna of external ear

2. Epiglottis

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10
Q

Name 3 places fibrocartilage is found

A
  1. Tendon insertions
  2. Pubic symphysis
  3. Intervertebral discs
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11
Q

What colour does hyaline cartilage stain in H&E?

A

Mottled

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12
Q

What comprises the matrix of hyaline cartilage?

A

Type 2 collagen fibres embedded in a gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins

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13
Q

Why can hyaline cartilage work as such an effective shock absorber?

A

High water content bound to GAGs

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14
Q

What does GAG stand for?

A

Glycosaminoglycan

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15
Q

What is the main difference between elastic and hyaline cartilage?

A

Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibres

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16
Q

What is the main difference between elastic and hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage lacks a perichondrium

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17
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

A dense irregular connective tissue which surrounds cartilage

18
Q

What is the main type of collagen contained in fibrocartilage?

A

Type 1

19
Q

What is the usual arrangement of chondrocytes in fibrocartilage?

A

Linear

20
Q

What 3 things make up the bone matrix?

A
  1. Type 1 Collagen
  2. Proteoglycan aggregates
  3. Glycoproteins
21
Q

What adds strength to the bone matrix?

A

Calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals

22
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Resorb bone for regeneration function

23
Q

What is the function of osteoblast?

A

Forms the bone matrix

24
Q

What is the function of osteocytes?

A

Maintains bone tissue

25
Q

Where is the exclusive location of osteoblasts?

A

Surface of bone tissue

26
Q

What does an osteoblast form from?

A

Osteoprogenitor cell

27
Q

What is the principle bone cell of an adult skeleton?

A

Osteocyte

28
Q

What connects lacuna in compact bone?

A

Cytoplasmic extensions in canaliculi

29
Q

What are the two main differences between osteocytes and chondrocytes?

A
  1. Canaliculi connect osteocytes

2. Chondrocytes can appear as clusters

30
Q

Where are osteoclasts found?

A

Howships lacunae

31
Q

What are 2 main features of osteoclasts?

A
  1. Highly folded cell surface

2. Multinucleate

32
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A
  1. Compact

2. Spongy

33
Q

How is compact bone arranged?

A

Concentric lamellae of collagen fibres around central canal containing vessels or nerves

34
Q

How can the arrangement of compact bone be referred to?

A

Osteon / Haversian System

35
Q

How is spongy bone arranged?

A

Bone organised into plates of bone called trabeculae

36
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue covering outer surface of bone

37
Q

What cells are found in the periosteum?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

38
Q

How does bone bind to periosteum?

A

Sharpey’s fibres (bundles of collagen) which penetrate bone matrix

39
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

Single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and small amount of CT found just inside periosteum

40
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the endosteum?

A
  1. Provide nutrients to bone tissue

2. Provision of new bone cells

Biomedical Science 1 (19 decks)

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