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STEP 1 Review > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A

Flat lesion with well circumscribed change in skin color.

Freckle

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2
Q

Patch

A

Big macule

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3
Q

Papule

A

Elevated raised solid skin lesion (mole)

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4
Q

Plaque

A

Big papule (like psoriasis)

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5
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid containing blister (chickenpox)

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6
Q

Bulla

A

Large fluid containing blister

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7
Q

Wheal

A

Transient smooth papule or plaque. (Hives)

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8
Q

Scale

A

Flaking off stratum corneum

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9
Q

Crust

A

Dry exudate (impetigo)

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10
Q

Spongiosis

A

Epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces (eczema/hives)

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11
Q

Acanthosis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis nigricans)

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12
Q

Acantholysis

A

Separation of epidermal cells (pemphigus vulgaris)

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13
Q

Albinism

A

Normal melanocyte number with a decrease in melanin production due to decreased tyrosinase or defective tyrosine transport. Can also be caused by failure of neural crest cells during development. Increased risk of skin cancer

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14
Q

Melasma

A

Hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy or OCP use.

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15
Q

Vitiligo

A

Irregular areas of compllete depigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.

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16
Q

Verrucae

A

Warts caused by HPV. Soft, tan-colored, cauliflower-like papules.

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17
Q

Melanocytic nevus

A

Common mole. Benign, but melanoma can arise in congenital or atypical moles. Intradermal nevi in adults are papular. Junctional nevi are flat and in kids

18
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives. Pruritis wheals that form after mast cell degranulation. Characterized by superficial dermal edema and lymphatic channel dilation.

19
Q

Ephelis

A

Freckle. Normal number of melanocytes, increased melanin

20
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Pruritic eruption normally on flexor surfaces. Ossociated with asthma, allergic rhinitis. Usually starts of face in infacny and can appear in the anticubital fossa after.

21
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction to nickle or poison ivy.

22
Q

Psoriasis

A

Associated with HLA-c. Papules and plaques with silver scale especially on knees and elbows. Acanthosis with retained nuclei in keratin (parakeratosis). Increased spinosum and decreased granulosum. Auspitz sign – pinpoint bleeding spots where dermal papillae are exposed.

Treat with corticosteroids or uva light

23
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Flat greasy stick on proliferation of epithelium with keratin filled cysts. Looks like a stuck on lesion. Common in older people.

However, if many appear suddenly, that’s the leser trelat sign indicating a gi malignancy

24
Q

Impetigo

A

Very superficial skin infection usually from staph aureus or strep pyogenes. Very contagious. Honey colored crusting. Bullous impetigo is usually caused by staph aureus

25
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute painful spresding infection of dermis from strep or staph. Can occur due to a break in skin.

26
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

A

From staph, usually a sloughing of the upper layers of the epidermis that heals completely.

27
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Autoimmune reaction to desmoglein (IgG) in spinosum. Causes intraepidermal bullae caused by acantholysis. INVOLVES ORAL MUCOSA.

Antibodies around epidermal cells in a net-like pattern.

Nicolsky sign is where the blusters will pop and separate easily. Basal layer still attached

28
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A

Less severe than pemphigus vulgaris. Does not separate. Due to autoimmune antibody against hemidesmosomes.

Spares oral mucosa. Linear anti basement membrane staning.

29
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

IgA depositing at dermal papillae. Pruritic. Associated with celiac and will disappear with gluten free diet.

30
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Associated with mycoplasma, HSV, SLE, beta lactams. Causes macules, papules, vescles and target lesions with a dusky center with necrosis.

31
Q

Steven johnson’s syndrome

A

Characterized by fever and erythema multiforme. Generally 2 mucous membranes are involved. Usually due to drug reaction

32
Q

TEN

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis. More severe than SJS, seen when >30 percent of body surface in involved.

33
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Thickening and darkening of skin associated with insulin resistance and gastric adenocarcinoma.

34
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure. Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma.

35
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Painful inflammatory lesions in shins. Can be associated with sarcoidosis, fungal infections, crohn’s disease

36
Q

Lichen planus

A

Pruritis, purple, polygonal, planar papules. Sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction associated with HEP C!

37
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

Herald patch followed by christmas tree rash. Self resolving

38
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Frequently on upper lip. Most common. Caused by UVB induced sun damage so albanism and XP are at risk. Almost never metastasizes, but locally invasive. Has palisading nuclei

39
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

On lower lip. Second most common. Associated with immunosuppression, arsenic exposure. Locally invasive, rarely metastasizes. Has keratin pearls. And associated with chronic draining sinuses.

40
Q

Keratoacanthoma

A

Variant of squamous cell carinoma. Cup shaped lesion filled with keratin. Grows rapidly

41
Q

Melanoma

A

S100 tumor marker because derived from neural crest. Asymmetric with irregular borders, irregular color, diameter >6mm, evolution oer time.

Often activating mutations in BRAF kinase.

STEP 1 Review (21 decks)

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