Neuro Review Flashcards
Dandy Walker
Agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. Leading to massive dilatation of the 4th ventricle. Associated with hydrocephalus and spina bifida. Signs are vomiting and breathing issues.
Syringomyelia symptoms.
Cystic cavity at C8-T1, associated with Chiari I malformation which is low lying cerebral tonsils. Loss of bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in a capelike distribution in upper extremities. Fine touch and position are preserved. This is due to destruction of the anterior white commissure (where spinothalamic tract decussates). If syrinx expands, can compress anterior horn causing motor neuron KO and LMN signs.
Which branchial arches form which part of the tongue?
1 and 2 form anterior 2/3 (taste VII, sensation V3)
3 and 4 form posterior 1/3 (taste IX, extreme back taste X)
Motor innervation XII.
What nerves have cell bodies in NST?
Nucleus ambiguus?
Dorsal motor nucleus
VII, IX, X, Cranial part of XI. (Sensory!)
IX, X, XI (motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, esophagus)
X
SSPE Symptoms
Starts with dementia and personality changes, then progresses to myoclonus.
What is the OVLT
Input to hypothalamus that is not protected by the BBB and senses plasma osmolality for ADH release.
What is made in the supraoptic nucleus? What is made in the paraventricular nucleus Function of lateral hypothalamus Ventromedial hypothalamus Anterior hypothalamus Posterior hypothalamus Suprachiasmatic nucleus
ADH Oxytocin Mediates eating (inhibited by leptin) Mediates fasting (stimulated by leptin) Cooling/parasympathetic Heating/sympathetic Circadian rhythms (NE release causes melatonin from pineal)
How to treat nocturnal aneuresis?
Desmopressin
Falling asleep NT?
Rem sleep NT?
Serotonin
ACh
VPL of thalamus VPM of thalamus LGN of thalamus MGN of thalamus VL of thalamus
Inputs from spinothalamic tracts and dorsal columns from body.
Inputs from trigeminal and gustatory pathway. Face sensation and taste.
Sight info
Sound info from superior olive and inferior colliculus
VL from basal ganglia.
Deep nuclei of cerebellum
From in to out (fastigial, globose, emboli form, dentate)
Lateral lesions of cerebellum
Voluntary movement of extremities, when injured fall towards the injured side
Medial lesions of cerebellum
Midline structure lesions cause truncal ataxia.
Inputs to cerebellum and corresponding peduncle
Outputs from cerebellum and corresponding peduncle
Input from ipsilateral spine via inferior peduncle via mossy/climbing fibers. Input from contralateral cerebral hemisphere via middle peduncle.
Output to contralateral cerebrum via superior peduncle.
What substance cause parkinson’s?
MPTP
Hemiballismus lesion
Flailing of arm or leg on one side of body. Caused by lacunar infarct
Intention tremor lesion
In cerebellum. Characteristic of MS (which is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction).
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
Lesion of amygdala associated with HSV-1. Hyperorality, hyper sexuality, disinhibited behavior.
How to make Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome worse?
Give the patient glucose without B1.
Central pontine myelinolysis
Caused by overly rapid correction of HYPOnatremia. Causes dysphagia, diplopia, loss of consciousness and can cause locked in syndrome.
Correcting HYPERnatremia too fast?
Will cause cerebral edema or herniation syndrome.
Where is broca’s area?
Where is wernicke’s area
Broca’s Area is the inferior frontal gyrus
Wrenches’ area is the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe.
Severe hypotension clinical syndrome?
Watershed zones gone. Causes man in barrel syndrome which is upper leg and upper arm weakness. Also agnosia (defect in visual processing).
Affect of infarct in lenticulo-striate artery
Contralateral hemiparesis without loss of sensation. Also hemiballismus. Usually to secondary hypertension.