Cardio Review

Question 1

Truncus Arteriosus

Answer 1

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 2

Bulbis cordis

Answer 2

Smooth part (outflow tracts) of the left and right ventricle

Question 3

Primitive atrium

Answer 3

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

Question 4

Primitive ventricle

Answer 4

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

Question 5

Left horn of sinus venosus

Answer 5

Coronary sinus

Question 6

Right horn of sinus venosus

Answer 6

Smooth part of right atrium

Question 7

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Answer 7

SVC

Question 8

Most posterior part of heart

Answer 8

Left atrium – can cause dysphagia or hoarseness if enlarged.

Question 9

Things that cause high pulse pressure

Answer 9

Hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation, arteriolosclerosis

Question 10

Wall tension

Answer 10

Pressure x radius / 2xthickness

Question 11

Resistance

Answer 11

8ML/piR^4

Question 12

Diastolic heart failure effect on ejection fraction?

Answer 12

Normal

Question 13

Wide splitting

Answer 13

Due to conditions that delay RV emptying like pulmonic stenosis or RBBB.

Question 14

Fixed splitting

Answer 14

Seen in ASD

Question 15

Paradoxical splitting

Answer 15

In conditions like aortic stenosis or LBBB, aortic valve closes after pulmonic valve. Inspiration will move splitting closer together

Question 16

Holosystolic high pitched blowing murmur

Answer 16

Mitral regurgitation

Question 17

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur

Answer 17

Aortic stenosis, radiates to carotids causes weak and delayed pulses.

Question 18

Harsh sounding holosystolic murmur

Answer 18

VSD – accentuated with increased afterload (handgrip)

Question 19

Late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click

Answer 19

Mitral valve prolapse. When TPR increases, the click increases in intensity and moves later.

Question 20

High pitched blowing diastolic murmur

Answer 20

Aortic regurgitation. Can present as head bobbing or bounding pulses. Increased intensity with hand grip.

Question 21

Diastolic murmur with opening snap and delayed rumbling

Answer 21

Mitral stenosis. Earlier opening snap correlates with increased severity. Often due to rheumatic fever

Question 22

Continuous murmur (machine like)

Answer 22

PDA, due to congenital rubella or prematurity.

Question 23

Drugs that prolong QT and can cause torsades

Answer 23

Sotalol
Risperidone
Macrolides
Chloroquine
Protease inhibitors
Quinidine
Thiazides

Can also be caused by decreased Mg or decreased K.

Question 24

Romano ward syndrome

Answer 24

Congenital long QT syndrome

Question 25

Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome

Answer 25

Congenital long QT syndrome with sensorineural deafness.

Question 26

Leads V1-V4

Answer 26

Anterior wall MI--LAD

Question 27

Leads V1 V2

Answer 27

Septal MI (LAD)

Question 28

Leads V5 V6

Answer 28

Anterolateral wall MI LCX

Question 29

Leads 1, AVL

Answer 29

Lateral wall MI LCX

Question 30

Leads II, III, avF

Answer 30

Inferior wall MI (RCA)

Question 31

Dilated cardiomyopathy heart sound?

Answer 31

S3 because of volume overloaded state

Question 32

What is S4

Answer 32

Hypertrophic ventricle

Question 33

ACXVY

Answer 33

``` Atrial kick RV contraction and bulge X heart relaxation V filling Y emptying ```

Question 34

Loeffler syndrome

Answer 34

Endocardial fibrosis with predominant eosinophilic infiltrate -- causes restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Question 35

Friedrich's ataxia cause of death?

Answer 35

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Question 36

Myxomas

Answer 36

Most common primary heart tumor (mets frequently from lymphoma and melanoma, breast and lung). 90% occur in atria, show up as a pedunculated mass in the LA. Associated with multiple syncope

Question 37

Rhabdomyomas

Answer 37

Most frequent primary cardiac tumor in children (associated with tuberous sclerosis)

Question 38

Strawberry hemangioma

Answer 38

Benign capillary hemangioma seen in children will grow rapidly then regress spontenously at ages 5-8

Question 39

Cherry hemangioma

Answer 39

Benign capillary hemangioma of the elderly, does not regress

Question 40

Pyogenic granuloma

Answer 40

Polypoid capillary hemagioma that can ulcerate and bleed. Associated with trauma and pregnancy.

Question 41

Cystic hygroma

Answer 41

Cavernous lymphangioma of the neck associated with turner syndrome.

Question 42

Glomus Tumor

Answer 42

Painful red/blue tumor under fingernails of smooth muscle cells involved in temp regulation.

Question 43

Bacillary angiomatosis

Answer 43

Benign capillary skin papules found in aids patients. Caused by bartonella henselae infections. Mistaken for KS