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STEP 1 Review > Cardio Review > Flashcards

Cardio Review Flashcards

1
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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2
Q

Bulbis cordis

A

Smooth part (outflow tracts) of the left and right ventricle

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3
Q

Primitive atrium

A

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

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4
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

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5
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus

A

Coronary sinus

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6
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus

A

Smooth part of right atrium

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7
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

A

SVC

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8
Q

Most posterior part of heart

A

Left atrium – can cause dysphagia or hoarseness if enlarged.

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9
Q

Things that cause high pulse pressure

A

Hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation, arteriolosclerosis

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10
Q

Wall tension

A

Pressure x radius / 2xthickness

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11
Q

Resistance

A

8ML/piR^4

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12
Q

Diastolic heart failure effect on ejection fraction?

A

Normal

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13
Q

Wide splitting

A

Due to conditions that delay RV emptying like pulmonic stenosis or RBBB.

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14
Q

Fixed splitting

A

Seen in ASD

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15
Q

Paradoxical splitting

A

In conditions like aortic stenosis or LBBB, aortic valve closes after pulmonic valve. Inspiration will move splitting closer together

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16
Q

Holosystolic high pitched blowing murmur

A

Mitral regurgitation

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17
Q

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur

A

Aortic stenosis, radiates to carotids causes weak and delayed pulses.

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18
Q

Harsh sounding holosystolic murmur

A

VSD – accentuated with increased afterload (handgrip)

19
Q

Late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click

A

Mitral valve prolapse. When TPR increases, the click increases in intensity and moves later.

20
Q

High pitched blowing diastolic murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation. Can present as head bobbing or bounding pulses. Increased intensity with hand grip.

21
Q

Diastolic murmur with opening snap and delayed rumbling

A

Mitral stenosis. Earlier opening snap correlates with increased severity. Often due to rheumatic fever

22
Q

Continuous murmur (machine like)

A

PDA, due to congenital rubella or prematurity.

23
Q

Drugs that prolong QT and can cause torsades

A 
Sotalol
Risperidone
Macrolides
Chloroquine
Protease inhibitors
Quinidine
Thiazides

Can also be caused by decreased Mg or decreased K.

24
Q

Romano ward syndrome

A

Congenital long QT syndrome

25
Q

Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome

A

Congenital long QT syndrome with sensorineural deafness.

26
Q

Leads V1-V4

A

Anterior wall MI–LAD

27
Q

Leads V1 V2

A

Septal MI (LAD)

28
Q

Leads V5 V6

A

Anterolateral wall MI LCX

29
Q

Leads 1, AVL

A

Lateral wall MI LCX

30
Q

Leads II, III, avF

A

Inferior wall MI (RCA)

31
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy heart sound?

A

S3 because of volume overloaded state

32
Q

What is S4

A

Hypertrophic ventricle

33
Q

ACXVY

A 
Atrial kick
RV contraction and bulge 
X heart relaxation
V filling
Y emptying
34
Q

Loeffler syndrome

A

Endocardial fibrosis with predominant eosinophilic infiltrate – causes restrictive cardiomyopathy.

35
Q

Friedrich’s ataxia cause of death?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

36
Q

Myxomas

A

Most common primary heart tumor (mets frequently from lymphoma and melanoma, breast and lung). 90% occur in atria, show up as a pedunculated mass in the LA.

Associated with multiple syncope

37
Q

Rhabdomyomas

A

Most frequent primary cardiac tumor in children (associated with tuberous sclerosis)

38
Q

Strawberry hemangioma

A

Benign capillary hemangioma seen in children will grow rapidly then regress spontenously at ages 5-8

39
Q

Cherry hemangioma

A

Benign capillary hemangioma of the elderly, does not regress

40
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

Polypoid capillary hemagioma that can ulcerate and bleed. Associated with trauma and pregnancy.

41
Q

Cystic hygroma

A

Cavernous lymphangioma of the neck associated with turner syndrome.

42
Q

Glomus Tumor

A

Painful red/blue tumor under fingernails of smooth muscle cells involved in temp regulation.

43
Q

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Benign capillary skin papules found in aids patients. Caused by bartonella henselae infections. Mistaken for KS

STEP 1 Review (21 decks)

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