Skin

Question 1

Why are skin disorders almost always indicative of systemic disease?

Answer 1

1. They have access to the external and internal environment
2. Epithelium sits next to the dermis

Question 2

What separates the dermal component from the epidermis?

Answer 2

The basement membrane

Question 3

Is the epidermis Avascular or vascular?

Answer 3

Avascular

Question 4

How do the epidermis get nutrients/

Answer 4

Through simple diffusion

Question 5

What are the layers of the skin from deep to superficial

Answer 5

1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the stratum basale?

Answer 6

Deepest layer
Made of epithelium
Highly myototically active

Question 7

What is the characteristics of the stratum spinosum?

Answer 7

Spikes connections
Designed to prevent shear

Question 8

What are the characteristics of the stratum granulosum?

Answer 8

Filled with granules
Granuoles have keratin

Question 9

What are the characteristics of stratum lucidum?

Answer 9

In thick skin, palms, and soles of feet

Question 10

What are the characteristics of stratum corneum?

Answer 10

Hard outer layer
Cells are dead
No nuclei

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the melanocytes?

Answer 11

Placed at the end of stratum basale
Make pigment
More melanin darker appearance

Question 12

What is the dermis?

Answer 12

Cells deep to the epidermal component
*have components of connective tissue
1. Cells
2. Fibers
3. Extracellular matrix

Question 13

What are the nerves of the dermis?

Answer 13

Afferent
*going towards the CNS
1. Nocioceptors
2. Proprioceptors
3. Localization

Question 14

What are the glandular components?

Answer 14

1. Hair
2. Sebaceous glands
3. Sweat glands

Question 15

What are the glandular components made from?

Answer 15

Epithelium
*follows the rules of the epidermis

Question 16

What is the function of the sebaceous glands?

Answer 16

Create sebum

Question 17

What are eccrine glands?

Answer 17

Regulate core body temp

Question 18

What are the function of the apocrine glands?

Answer 18

Open onto hair follicle
*smells
*armpits, inguinal, perineum

Question 19

What type of allergic response is urticaria?

Answer 19

Type I
*person exposed to antigen
*systemic problem

Question 20

What type of allergic response is contact dermatitis?

Answer 20

Type IV
*outline of the allergen

Question 21

What type of allergic response is atopic dermatitis?

Answer 21

Eczema Type 1

Question 22

What is psoriasis?

Answer 22

Auto-immune
*Increased levels of stratum basale
*creates a thick accumulation of stratum cornea
*cells aren’t ready to shed off

Question 23

What is pemphigus?

Answer 23

Auto-immune
*epidermis wants to separate from the dermal layer
*creates blisters

Question 24

What is scleroderma

Answer 24

Autoimmune
*Attacks collagen fibers

Question 25

What are the bacterial infections?

Answer 25

1. Cellulitis 2. Furuncle 3. Impetigo 4. ANF 5. Leprosy

Question 26

What is the most common cause of bacterial infections?

Answer 26

Staphylococcus strains

Question 27

What are the vial infections?

Answer 27

Herpes simplex 1. Cold sores 2. Genital herpes *retrovirus gets into the sensory neurons 3. Verrucae HPV

Question 28

What are the fungal infections?

Answer 28

Tinea 1. Ringworm 2. Tinea pedis Scabies Pediculosis

Question 29

What layer do fungal infections affect?

Answer 29

Superficial stratum corneum

Question 30

What are the skin tumors?

Answer 30

Keratoses Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma Kaposi sarcoma

Question 31

What are keratoses?

Answer 31

Benign-aging or skin damage *Seborreic (basal cells-face) *Actinic (sun-exposure)

Question 32

What are squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 32

Slow growing *localized *open wound *will not heal