Blood And Circulaotry Ssytem Disorders

Question 1

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Answer 1

Arteries
*Thick smooth muscle layer
*Thick connective tissue layer
veins
*thin smooth muscle layer
*thin connective tissue
*valves
*lower pressure system

Question 2

What is the tunica intima?

Answer 2

The innermost layer of the artery
*only 1 layer thick of endothelium

Question 3

What is the tunica media?

Answer 3

middle-most layer of the artery
*made of smooth connective tissue

Question 4

What is the tunica adventitia?

Answer 4

Outer layer of the arteries
*Made of connective tissue

Question 5

What is the vasa vasorum?

Answer 5

Vessel of vessel

Question 6

What is a dyscrasia?

Answer 6

blood disorders

Question 7

What is the majority of the blood made of?

Answer 7

55% plasma

Question 8

What is the lifespan of erythrocytes?

Answer 8

120 days

Question 9

What are erythrocytes made of?

Answer 9

Hemoglobin core
*globin (proteins recycled)
*Heme (bone marrow or liver)
*biliriubin (byproduct)

Question 10

Why does the RBS have an area of indentation?

Answer 10

Where hemoglobin is conc for gas exchange
*makes it easier shorter diffusion

Question 11

Are RBS flexible?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What happens if the spleen gets enlarged?

Answer 12

More vulnerable to injury
*The less likely you can fix it

Question 13

What are the two types of pulp in the spleen?

Answer 13

Red pulp
White pulp

Question 14

What is the fiber type in the spleen?

Answer 14

Reticular fiber
*Creates a fiber labyrinth

Question 15

What is the purpose of the red pulp?

Answer 15

Where RBC are moved through
*They go into the maze of reticular fiber
*If the RBC cannot bend they will be engulfed by macrophages

Question 16

Why does the spleen destroy RBC?

Answer 16

A clot would be formed if the RBC are inflexible
*Red pulp prevents clots

Question 17

What cells are in red pulp?

Answer 17

Macrophages

Question 18

What is the purpose of white pulp?

Answer 18

Macrophages:
-Phagocytize old RBC
-Phagocytize antigen
Lymphocytes:
-Waiting for antigen
-WBC become immunocpetance here

Question 19

How are platelets made?

Answer 19

From small pieces of megakaryocytes

Question 20

What are the characteristics of platelets?

Answer 20

-Anuecli
-smaller
-no organelles
-not living

Question 21

What are the coagulation steps?

Answer 21

1. Damaged tissue releases clotting factors
   -Prothrombin to thrombin
2. Fibrinogen to fibrin
3. Fibrin traps RBC and platelets creating a clot

Question 22

What are the active parts of a clot?

Answer 22

Thrombin and fibrin

Question 23

What are the inactive parts of a clot?

Answer 23

Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
*Soluble cannot see them

Question 24

What are the coagulation inhibitors?

Answer 24

Heparin
Prostaglandins
Anithrombins

Question 25

What is the purpose of a clot?

Answer 25

To stop the blood loss Healing Creating an open wound then a scab

Question 26

What is agglutinated blood?

Answer 26

Due to type II hypersensitivity -Antibody antigen complex *NOT a CLOT (no fibrin)

Question 27

If someone has type o blood what blood can they receive?

Answer 27

Type o blood

Question 28

If someone has type A blood what blood can they receive?

Answer 28

O, A

Question 29

What does CBC look for?

Answer 29

Formed element Morphology Hematocrit

Question 30

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 30

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 31

What is iron deficiency anemia due to?

Answer 31

Nutritional *microcytic RBC are too small there is not enough hemoglobin

Question 32

What is pernicious anemia?

Answer 32

B12 deficiency *Megloblastic anemia *Lack of intrinsic factor (malabsorption) *gut issue cannot be absorbed in the gut wall

Question 33

What is an aplastic anemia ?

Answer 33

bone marrow malignancy *Enivronmental toxins *Organic solvent gains access to the bone marrow and the formed elements aren’t made properly

Question 34

What is a hemolytic anemia?

Answer 34

getting rid os more RBC then we can keep up with making

Question 35

What is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 35

-RBC formed properly initially, but changes to a sickle shape in low O2 environment *not curable *single-point mutation

Question 36

When does sickle cell crises usually appear?

Answer 36

About 12 months *Fetal hemoglobin is high until 12 months then gets taken over by adult hemoglobin

Question 37

What is a sickle cell crises?

Answer 37

Microclots will be formed out in tissues bc the cells are the wrong shape *Causing ischemic crises, block flow *fever, pain, swelling

Question 38

What is sickle cell disease/

Answer 38

Homozygous

Question 39

What is sickle cell trait?

Answer 39

Heterozygous *protect against malaria *will not create a sickle RBC

Question 40

What is thalassemia

Answer 40

One or more genes for the hemoglobin are missing *something wrong with the globin part of the hemoglobin

Question 41

Will petechiae blanch?

Answer 41

No *if you press on them they will not go away

Question 42

What is hemophilia A and B?

Answer 42

A: VIII B: IX *prolonged or severe hemorrhage after minor trauma *coagulation times are prolonged *congenital

Question 43

What is Von willibrand disease?

Answer 43

Platelets cannot aggregate *no clots formed

Question 44

What is thrombophilia?

Answer 44

Abnormal clotting *too many clots *mutations in genes for clotting proteins

Question 45

What is polycythemia?

Answer 45

Increased RBC *Skin red, *blood shot eyes *itchy (TOO many RBC irritates nocioceptors

Question 46

What is secondary polycythemia?

Answer 46

Due to high altitude training *increased blood viscosity and volume *not malignancy

Question 47

What is Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 47

begins its 1 lymph node *from meganucleated cells *Mixed of B and T

Question 48

What is Reed-Sternberg cell?

Answer 48

Multiple node involvement *b-lymph *mulitnucleated

Question 49

What is lymphedema?

Answer 49

Obstruction of the lymphatic *can be due to parasites