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Patho > Blood And Circulaotry Ssytem Disorders > Flashcards

Blood And Circulaotry Ssytem Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

A

Arteries
*Thick smooth muscle layer
*Thick connective tissue layer
veins
*thin smooth muscle layer
*thin connective tissue
*valves
*lower pressure system

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2
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

The innermost layer of the artery
*only 1 layer thick of endothelium

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3
Q

What is the tunica media?

A

middle-most layer of the artery
*made of smooth connective tissue

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4
Q

What is the tunica adventitia?

A

Outer layer of the arteries
*Made of connective tissue

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5
Q

What is the vasa vasorum?

A

Vessel of vessel

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6
Q

What is a dyscrasia?

A

blood disorders

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7
Q

What is the majority of the blood made of?

A

55% plasma

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8
Q

What is the lifespan of erythrocytes?

A

120 days

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9
Q

What are erythrocytes made of?

A

Hemoglobin core
*globin (proteins recycled)
*Heme (bone marrow or liver)
*biliriubin (byproduct)

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10
Q

Why does the RBS have an area of indentation?

A

Where hemoglobin is conc for gas exchange
*makes it easier shorter diffusion

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11
Q

Are RBS flexible?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What happens if the spleen gets enlarged?

A

More vulnerable to injury
*The less likely you can fix it

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13
Q

What are the two types of pulp in the spleen?

A

Red pulp
White pulp

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14
Q

What is the fiber type in the spleen?

A

Reticular fiber
*Creates a fiber labyrinth

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the red pulp?

A

Where RBC are moved through
*They go into the maze of reticular fiber
*If the RBC cannot bend they will be engulfed by macrophages

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16
Q

Why does the spleen destroy RBC?

A

A clot would be formed if the RBC are inflexible
*Red pulp prevents clots

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17
Q

What cells are in red pulp?

A

Macrophages

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18
Q

What is the purpose of white pulp?

A

Macrophages:
-Phagocytize old RBC
-Phagocytize antigen
Lymphocytes:
-Waiting for antigen
-WBC become immunocpetance here

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19
Q

How are platelets made?

A

From small pieces of megakaryocytes

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of platelets?

A

-Anuecli
-smaller
-no organelles
-not living

21
Q

What are the coagulation steps?

A
  1. Damaged tissue releases clotting factors
    -Prothrombin to thrombin
  2. Fibrinogen to fibrin
  3. Fibrin traps RBC and platelets creating a clot
22
Q

What are the active parts of a clot?

A

Thrombin and fibrin

23
Q

What are the inactive parts of a clot?

A

Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
*Soluble cannot see them

24
Q

What are the coagulation inhibitors?

A

Heparin
Prostaglandins
Anithrombins

25
Q

What is the purpose of a clot?

A

To stop the blood loss
Healing
Creating an open wound then a scab

26
Q

What is agglutinated blood?

A

Due to type II hypersensitivity
-Antibody antigen complex
*NOT a CLOT (no fibrin)

27
Q

If someone has type o blood what blood can they receive?

A

Type o blood

28
Q

If someone has type A blood what blood can they receive?

A

O, A

29
Q

What does CBC look for?

A

Formed element
Morphology
Hematocrit

30
Q

What is the most common type of anemia?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

31
Q

What is iron deficiency anemia due to?

A

Nutritional
*microcytic RBC are too small there is not enough hemoglobin

32
Q

What is pernicious anemia?

A

B12 deficiency
*Megloblastic anemia
*Lack of intrinsic factor (malabsorption)
*gut issue cannot be absorbed in the gut wall

33
Q

What is an aplastic anemia ?

A

bone marrow malignancy
*Enivronmental toxins
*Organic solvent gains access to the bone marrow and the formed elements aren’t made properly

34
Q

What is a hemolytic anemia?

A

getting rid os more RBC then we can keep up with making

35
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

-RBC formed properly initially, but changes to a sickle shape in low O2 environment
*not curable
*single-point mutation

36
Q

When does sickle cell crises usually appear?

A

About 12 months
*Fetal hemoglobin is high until 12 months then gets taken over by adult hemoglobin

37
Q

What is a sickle cell crises?

A

Microclots will be formed out in tissues bc the cells are the wrong shape
*Causing ischemic crises, block flow
*fever, pain, swelling

38
Q

What is sickle cell disease/

A

Homozygous

39
Q

What is sickle cell trait?

A

Heterozygous
*protect against malaria
*will not create a sickle RBC

40
Q

What is thalassemia

A

One or more genes for the hemoglobin are missing
*something wrong with the globin part of the hemoglobin

41
Q

Will petechiae blanch?

A

No
*if you press on them they will not go away

42
Q

What is hemophilia A and B?

A

A: VIII
B: IX
*prolonged or severe hemorrhage after minor trauma
*coagulation times are prolonged
*congenital

43
Q

What is Von willibrand disease?

A

Platelets cannot aggregate
*no clots formed

44
Q

What is thrombophilia?

A

Abnormal clotting
*too many clots
*mutations in genes for clotting proteins

45
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Increased RBC
*Skin red,
*blood shot eyes
*itchy (TOO many RBC irritates nocioceptors

46
Q

What is secondary polycythemia?

A

Due to high altitude training
*increased blood viscosity and volume
*not malignancy

47
Q

What is Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

begins its 1 lymph node
*from meganucleated cells
*Mixed of B and T

48
Q

What is Reed-Sternberg cell?

A

Multiple node involvement
*b-lymph
*mulitnucleated

49
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

Obstruction of the lymphatic
*can be due to parasites

Patho (9 decks)

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