Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
Lower mediastinum
What is the central tendon of the diaphragm made from?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What enables the diaphragm to move/
Circumference is skeletal muscle (elastic and flexible)
When the diaphragm is contracted what is the shape?
Flatten (inspiration)
What is the shape of the diaphragm when it is relaxed?
Belled (expiration)
What are the layers of the heart from superficial to deep?
- Fibrous pericardium
- Parietal (serous) pericardium
SPACE - Visceral (serous) pericardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
What is the job of the fibrous pericardium?
Protects the heart from overfilling
Protects against too much preload
*Makes pericardial fluid
What is a cardiac tamponade?
Compression of the heart due to fluid in the fibrous pericardium
What is the job of the pericardial fluid?
Decreases friction of the heart
*friction comes with heartbeats
What does the visceral pericardium do?
Creates pericardial fluid
What is the endocardium?
Innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart
*keeps blood flowing
What is the pulmonary circulation responsible for?
Pumping blood back and forth between the heart and lungs
What are the AV valves?
Tricuspid
Mitral
What are the semilunar valves?
Aortic
Pulmonic
What is the function of the AV valves?
Prevent blood regurgitation into the atria
What forces pushes the AV cusps up?
Contraction
*the AV cusps are held by the papillary muscles
What is a murmur?
Blood flow that is tuberulent
What are the AV valves doing during systole and diastole?
Systole: closed
Diastole: open
What are the semilunar valves doing during systole and diastole?
Systole: open
Diastole: closed
What is the papillary muscles function?
To prevent the cusps from opening during systole
Will there ever horizontal communication between the chambers?
NO
What directions are arteries going?
Efferent
*going away from the heart
What direction are veins going?
Towards the heart
AFFERENT
Are there any neurons in the conduction system?
NO
