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Patho > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Lower mediastinum

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2
Q

What is the central tendon of the diaphragm made from?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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3
Q

What enables the diaphragm to move/

A

Circumference is skeletal muscle (elastic and flexible)

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4
Q

When the diaphragm is contracted what is the shape?

A

Flatten (inspiration)

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5
Q

What is the shape of the diaphragm when it is relaxed?

A

Belled (expiration)

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6
Q

What are the layers of the heart from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium
  2. Parietal (serous) pericardium
    SPACE
  3. Visceral (serous) pericardium
  4. Myocardium
  5. Endocardium
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7
Q

What is the job of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Protects the heart from overfilling
Protects against too much preload
*Makes pericardial fluid

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8
Q

What is a cardiac tamponade?

A

Compression of the heart due to fluid in the fibrous pericardium

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9
Q

What is the job of the pericardial fluid?

A

Decreases friction of the heart
*friction comes with heartbeats

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10
Q

What does the visceral pericardium do?

A

Creates pericardial fluid

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11
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart
*keeps blood flowing

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12
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation responsible for?

A

Pumping blood back and forth between the heart and lungs

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13
Q

What are the AV valves?

A

Tricuspid
Mitral

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14
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Aortic
Pulmonic

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15
Q

What is the function of the AV valves?

A

Prevent blood regurgitation into the atria

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16
Q

What forces pushes the AV cusps up?

A

Contraction
*the AV cusps are held by the papillary muscles

17
Q

What is a murmur?

A

Blood flow that is tuberulent

18
Q

What are the AV valves doing during systole and diastole?

A

Systole: closed
Diastole: open

19
Q

What are the semilunar valves doing during systole and diastole?

A

Systole: open
Diastole: closed

20
Q

What is the papillary muscles function?

A

To prevent the cusps from opening during systole

21
Q

Will there ever horizontal communication between the chambers?

A

NO

22
Q

What directions are arteries going?

A

Efferent
*going away from the heart

23
Q

What direction are veins going?

A

Towards the heart
AFFERENT

24
Q

Are there any neurons in the conduction system?

A

NO

25
Q

What side is the conduction system on?

A

Right side
*designed to separate the contraction of the ventricles

26
Q

What is the definition of cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in 1 min

27
Q

What is the definition of stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood ejected by one ventricle in one contraction

28
Q

What is the definition of cardiac reserve?

A

Ability of the heart to adjust to metabolic demand

29
Q

What is the definition of preload

A

At the end of diastole the ventricles are at maximum volume

30
Q

What is the definition of afterload

A

Force required to eject blood from the ventricles

31
Q

What happens if there is an increase in peripheral resistance?

A

Will be harder for the ventricles to contract

32
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

CO=HR X SV

33
Q

What will increase HR?

A

SNS Increase epinephrine

34
Q

What will increase SV?

A

Increase in
*preload
*SNS (contractions)
*Peripheral resistance (afterload)

35
Q

What will a vasodilator do?

A

Increase blood flow through arteries

36
Q

What do beta-blockers do?

A

Block epinephrine
*Will decrease HR and force of contraction

37
Q

What do cardiac glycosides do?

A

Slows conduction of impulses

38
Q

What are the steps of lipid break down?

A
  1. Lipid is absorbed across the gut in a chylomicron
  2. Will travel to the liver
  3. Liver will synthesize the chylomicron
  4. HDL or LDL
    High/Low density lipoprotein

Patho (9 decks)

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