Skin

Question 1

What are the 6 functions of the skin

Answer 1

Protection
temp. regulation
waste elimination (excretion)
sensory perception
production
absorption

Question 2

How does the skin protect us

Answer 2

keratin
melanin
acidic sweat
water barrier

Question 3

What is keratin-P

Answer 3

(a protine that adds structural strenghth- is found in the outermost layer of skin, in hair, and in nails) protects agenst physical damage

Question 4

melanin-P

Answer 4

protects agenst UV ray damage (specialized cells in the skin called melanocytes produce melanin. Everyone has the same number of melanocytes, but based on genes, they produce mor or less, melanin which provides pigment. Ultraviolet light activates the melanocytes to produce more melanin to protect and tan the skin.) frekles are small concentrated areas of pigment.)

Question 5

Acidic sweat-P

Answer 5

protects agenst bacterial infections

Question 6

Water barrier- P

Answer 6

keratin and oils (sebum-produced by sebaceous glands) in the skin

Question 7

Capillaries dilate-TR

Answer 7

(get big)- to release heat and constrict-(get small)-to conserve heat

Question 8

sweat glands (sudoriferous glands) -TR

Answer 8

secrete sweat which evaporates to provide cooling

Question 9

excretion-WE

Answer 9

Urea and salts are eliminated in sweat

Question 10

sensory perception

Answer 10

receptor cells send information about touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature to the central nervous system (brain)

Question 11

production

Answer 11

sunlight converts cholesterol molecules to vitamin D. This is essential for proper functioning of bones, heart, digestion, and functioning immune systems

Question 12

Absorption

Answer 12

ability of skin to absorb lotions, medications, etc

Question 13

What are the 3 layers of the skin

Answer 13

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis or subcutaneous

Question 14

Epidermis

Answer 14

• 5 epidermal layer
• contain no blood vessels or nerves
• upper layer consists of stratified(layered) squamous (scaly) epithelium
• layered full of keratin
• Gives support and strength to the skin
• shed every 25-45 days
• lower layer (basal layer) is consttantly growing and multiplying
• inner layer absorbs nutrients from dermis
• younger cells push older cells to the surface

Question 15

Dermis

Answer 15

• top layer is covered with papillae-fit into ridges on the lower portion of the epidermis-forms ridges on skin-unique to everyone
• made of 4 types of tissue
• conective:(collagen) gives skin shape, strength and elasticity
• Nervous: contains nerve endings for sensory perception
• Epithelial: makes up the blood and lymph vesseld, the hair, and the glands-sweat glands (suderiferous)2-3mill-oil glands-sebacous(help keep skin and hair soft. also kills barcteria-hair folicles(living in the folicle). melanocytes produce the pigment of the hair and skin
• Muscle: involantary muscles (arrector pili-cause goosebumps)

Question 16

Hypodermis or subcutaneous

Answer 16

Hypodermis-connects skin to underlying muscle tissue
-composed of lipocytes(fat cells). these store fat and provides cushioning and insulation. also contains larger blood vessels and larger nerve fibers

Question 17

Macules

Answer 17

(macular rash) flat spots on skin, such as freckles

Question 18

Papules

Answer 18

(papular rash) firm, raised areas such as pimples and the eruptions seen in some stages or chickenpox and syphilis

Question 19

vesicles

Answer 19

blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, such as those seen in chicken pox

Question 20

pustules

Answer 20

pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples

Question 21

Crusts

Answer 21

areas of dried pus and blood, commonly called scabs

Question 22

Wheals

Answer 22

itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; hives and insect bites

Question 23

Ulcer

Answer 23

A deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars

Question 24

Cyst

Answer 24

a closed sac with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body structure; usually filled with a semisolid material

Question 25

Disease

Answer 25

a pathological condition of the body. Must treat

Question 26

A symptom/sign

Answer 26

any perceptible change in the body or its function. must ditermine underlying disese and treat it otherwise you are just trating the sighns/symptom and the disease will not go away

Question 27

Sighns

Answer 27

observations

Question 28

symptoms

Answer 28

what the patient says it is

Question 29

interstitial fluid

Answer 29

the fluid that fills the spaces between cells

Question 30

blisters

Answer 30

produced when the dermis and the epidermis separate and fill with fluid

Question 31

Decubitous ulcers

Answer 31

• pressue ulcers
• bedsores
• caused by localized pressure that restricts blood flow
• skin cells die
• form over bony areas
• treatment: antibiotics, removal of dead tissue
• skin graft
• Prevention: turning, proper nutrition

Question 32

A

Answer 32

asymetry-sides dont match

Question 33

b

Answer 33

border

Question 34

c

Answer 34

color

Question 35

d

Answer 35

diameter-grows larger than size of pencil eraser

Question 36

e

Answer 36

evolution

Question 37

1st degree

Answer 37

effects epideral layer heals in 1 weeks

Question 38

2nd degree

Answer 38

involves epidermis and upper portion of dermis. bilsters. painful and takes longer than 1 weeks

Question 39

3rd

Answer 39

• full thickness burn
• initially not painful because nerve endings are destroyed
• cannot heal by itself it requires skin grafting

Question 40

rule of 9’s

Answer 40

estimates the extent of burned tissue