Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skin

A
Protection
temp. regulation
waste elimination (excretion)
sensory perception
production
absorption
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2
Q

How does the skin protect us

A

keratin
melanin
acidic sweat
water barrier

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3
Q

What is keratin-P

A

(a protine that adds structural strenghth- is found in the outermost layer of skin, in hair, and in nails) protects agenst physical damage

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4
Q

melanin-P

A

protects agenst UV ray damage (specialized cells in the skin called melanocytes produce melanin. Everyone has the same number of melanocytes, but based on genes, they produce mor or less, melanin which provides pigment. Ultraviolet light activates the melanocytes to produce more melanin to protect and tan the skin.) frekles are small concentrated areas of pigment.)

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5
Q

Acidic sweat-P

A

protects agenst bacterial infections

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6
Q

Water barrier- P

A

keratin and oils (sebum-produced by sebaceous glands) in the skin

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7
Q

Capillaries dilate-TR

A

(get big)- to release heat and constrict-(get small)-to conserve heat

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8
Q

sweat glands (sudoriferous glands) -TR

A

secrete sweat which evaporates to provide cooling

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9
Q

excretion-WE

A

Urea and salts are eliminated in sweat

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10
Q

sensory perception

A

receptor cells send information about touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature to the central nervous system (brain)

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11
Q

production

A

sunlight converts cholesterol molecules to vitamin D. This is essential for proper functioning of bones, heart, digestion, and functioning immune systems

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12
Q

Absorption

A

ability of skin to absorb lotions, medications, etc

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis or subcutaneous

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14
Q

Epidermis

A
  • 5 epidermal layer
  • contain no blood vessels or nerves
  • upper layer consists of stratified(layered) squamous (scaly) epithelium
  • layered full of keratin
  • Gives support and strength to the skin
  • shed every 25-45 days
  • lower layer (basal layer) is consttantly growing and multiplying
  • inner layer absorbs nutrients from dermis
  • younger cells push older cells to the surface
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15
Q

Dermis

A
  • top layer is covered with papillae-fit into ridges on the lower portion of the epidermis-forms ridges on skin-unique to everyone
  • made of 4 types of tissue
  • conective:(collagen) gives skin shape, strength and elasticity
  • Nervous: contains nerve endings for sensory perception
  • Epithelial: makes up the blood and lymph vesseld, the hair, and the glands-sweat glands (suderiferous)2-3mill-oil glands-sebacous(help keep skin and hair soft. also kills barcteria-hair folicles(living in the folicle). melanocytes produce the pigment of the hair and skin
  • Muscle: involantary muscles (arrector pili-cause goosebumps)
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16
Q

Hypodermis or subcutaneous

A

Hypodermis-connects skin to underlying muscle tissue
-composed of lipocytes(fat cells). these store fat and provides cushioning and insulation. also contains larger blood vessels and larger nerve fibers

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17
Q

Macules

A

(macular rash) flat spots on skin, such as freckles

18
Q

Papules

A

(papular rash) firm, raised areas such as pimples and the eruptions seen in some stages or chickenpox and syphilis

19
Q

vesicles

A

blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, such as those seen in chicken pox

20
Q

pustules

A

pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples

21
Q

Crusts

A

areas of dried pus and blood, commonly called scabs

22
Q

Wheals

A

itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; hives and insect bites

23
Q

Ulcer

A

A deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars

24
Q

Cyst

A

a closed sac with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body structure; usually filled with a semisolid material

25
Disease
a pathological condition of the body. Must treat
26
A symptom/sign
any perceptible change in the body or its function. must ditermine underlying disese and treat it otherwise you are just trating the sighns/symptom and the disease will not go away
27
Sighns
observations
28
symptoms
what the patient says it is
29
interstitial fluid
the fluid that fills the spaces between cells
30
blisters
produced when the dermis and the epidermis separate and fill with fluid
31
Decubitous ulcers
- pressue ulcers - bedsores - caused by localized pressure that restricts blood flow - skin cells die - form over bony areas - treatment: antibiotics, removal of dead tissue - skin graft - Prevention: turning, proper nutrition
32
A
asymetry-sides dont match
33
b
border
34
c
color
35
d
diameter-grows larger than size of pencil eraser
36
e
evolution
37
1st degree
effects epideral layer heals in 1 weeks
38
2nd degree
involves epidermis and upper portion of dermis. bilsters. painful and takes longer than 1 weeks
39
3rd
- full thickness burn - initially not painful because nerve endings are destroyed - cannot heal by itself it requires skin grafting
40
rule of 9's
estimates the extent of burned tissue