Infection Control

Question 1

What is infection control

Answer 1

controlling the spread of infection

Question 2

What are fomites

Answer 2

any substance or object that adhears to and transmits infectious matirial

Question 3

What is the number 1 way to prevent the spread of infection?

Answer 3

Hand clensing

Question 4

WHO 5 minutes of hand washing

Answer 4

1. Before touching a patient
2. Before a clean (aseptic) procedure
3. after body fluid exposure or risk of exposure
4. after touching a patient
5. after touching a patient’s surroundings

Question 5

What is a standard precaution

Answer 5

Assume every patient is infected

Question 6

What is a pathogen

Answer 6

germs

-literally means disease beginning

Question 7

What are the 4 types of pathogens

Answer 7

Bacteria
Virus
Parasites
Fungi

Question 8

What is bacteria

Answer 8

one celled microorganisms that are classified by shape

only killed by antibiotics

Question 9

What is normal flora

Answer 9

helpful bacteria

nonpathogen

Question 10

What are viruses

Answer 10

• smallest type of microorganism
• made of only a few molecules
• invade host cells where they take nutrients required to multiply

Question 11

What are parasites

Answer 11

• organisms that live on or in an organism of a diffrent species
• treated with antiparasitics

Question 12

What are fungi

Answer 12

plant-like microorganisms thatcan be found in the air, in soil, on plants, or in water.

• millions of types
• treated with antifungal

Question 13

endogenous infection

Answer 13

caused by microorganisms present in the human body

Question 14

exogenous infection

Answer 14

caused by microorganism, or pathogen, entering the humen body from the outside enviroment

Question 15

Nosocomial infections

Answer 15

aquired by a person while in a healthcare setting

also known as HAI’s

Question 16

oppertunistic infections

Answer 16

occur when the body’s defences are weak

Question 17

an infectious disease

Answer 17

results from an invasion of microorganisms

Question 18

communicable disease

Answer 18

a type of infectious diease that can be transmitted from one person to another person. not all dieseases are comunicable

Question 19

nonpathogens

Answer 19

do not cause disease and can help maintain body processes

Question 20

pathogens

Answer 20

capable of causing disease in a humen host. A germ

Question 21

infectious agent

Answer 21

the pathogen(germ) that causes diseases

Question 22

reservoir

Answer 22

includes places in the enviroment where the pathogen lives (this includes people animals and insects, medical equiptment, and soil and water).

Question 23

Portal of exit

Answer 23

is the way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir (through open wounds, aerosols, and splatter of body fluids including coughing, sneezing, and saliva)

Question 24

Mode of transmission

Answer 24

is the way the infectious agent can be passed on (through direct or indirect contact, ingestion, or inhalation).

Question 25

Portal of entry

Answer 25

the way an infectious agent can enter a new host (through broken skin, the respiratory track, mocous membranes, and catheters and tubes)

Question 26

Suceptible host

Answer 26

can ba any person ( the most vulnerable of whom are recieving healthcare, are immunocompromised, or have invasive medical divises including lines, divises, and airways

Question 27

contact

Answer 27

``` direct touching rubbing indirect clothing bed linens ```

Question 28

Droplet

Answer 28

direct within 3 feet cough sneeze

Question 29

airborne

Answer 29

inhaling microorganisms carried by moisture or dust particles cough sneeze

Question 30

vehicle

Answer 30

contact with contaminated inanimate object water blood

Question 31

vector-borne

Answer 31

contact with contaminated animate hosts animals insects

Question 32

asepsis

Answer 32

being free from infection

Question 33

sterile

Answer 33

being free from all organisms, including spores and viruses | called surgical asepsis

Question 34

disinfected

Answer 34

aseptic control method that destroys pathogens but doesn't usually kill spores and all viruses part of medical asepsis

Question 35

antisepsis

Answer 35

aseptic control that inhibits, slows growth of or kills pathogenic organisms not efective agenst spores and all viruses agenst infection part of medical asepsis hand washing

Question 36

clean

Answer 36

free from organisms causing disease

Question 37

contaminated

Answer 37

containing germs

Question 38

mucous membrane

Answer 38

lines the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. Traps pathogens

Question 39

cilia

Answer 39

tiny hair like structures that line the respiratory tract and propel pathogens out of the body

Question 40

coughing and sneezing

Answer 40

expels pathogens out of body

Question 41

hydrochloric acid

Answer 41

destroys pathogens in stomach

Question 42

tears in the eye

Answer 42

contain bactericida (bacteria killing) chemicals

Question 43

fever

Answer 43

high temp destroys some pathogens

Question 44

inflamation

Answer 44

leuko cytes, or white blood cells, destroy pathogens

Question 45

Immune response

Answer 45

body produces antibodies to combat pathogens. Cells also secrete protective chemicals such as interferon and complement

Question 46

What are the 6 chains in infection

Answer 46

``` infectious agent reservoir of source portal of exit from resivoir or source means of transmission portal of entry to host suceptible host ```

Question 47

Body defense mechanisms

Answer 47

``` mucous membranes cilia coughing and sneezing hydrochloric acid tears in eye fever inflammation immune response ```